Aging, Carcinogenesis, and Radiation Biology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Natural Nucleic Acid-Protein Adducts

   1. Attachment of Chromosomes to Membranes in Bacteria and Animal Cells

      • Moselio Schaechter

      Pages 1-10

   2. Linkers in Mammalian Chromosomal DNA

      • John T. Lett

      Pages 11-32

   3. Amino Acids Bound to DNA

      • M. Earl Balis

      Pages 33-52

   4. Gene Regulation: Selective Control of DNA Helix Openings

      • John H. Frenster

      Pages 53-66

3. Experimentally-Induced Nucleic Acid Adducts

   1. Radiation-Induced Cross-Linking of DNA and Protein in Bacteria

      • Kendric C. Smith

      Pages 67-81

   2. UV-Induced DNA to Protein Cross-Linking in Mammalian Cells

      • Paul Todd, Antun Han

      Pages 83-104

   3. Role of Protein in the Inactivation of Viruses by Ultraviolet Radiation

      • Milton P. Gordon

      Pages 105-122

   4. In Vitro Studies of Photochemically Cross-Linked Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes. Determination of Cross-Linked Regions and Structural Relationships in Specific Complexes

      • Paul R. Schimmel, Gerald P. Budzik, Stella S. M. Lam, Hubert J. P. Schoemaker

      Pages 123-148

   5. Photosensitized Cross-Linking of Proteins to Nucleic Acids

      • Claude Hélène

      Pages 149-163

   6. Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA-Protein Cross-Linking

      • Osamu Yamamoto

      Pages 165-192

   7. Chemically-Induced DNA-Protein Cross-Links

      • John O. Thomas

      Pages 193-205

   8. Photochemical Addition of Amino Acids and Related Compounds to Nucleic Acid Constituents

      • Alummutil J. Varghese

      Pages 207-223

   9. Addition of Amino Acids and Related Substances to Nucleic Acids by Nucleophilic Catalysis

      • Robert Shapiro

      Pages 225-242

   10. Photochemically-Induced Adducts of DNA

       • Dov Elad

       Pages 243-260

   11. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Attachment Reactions of Nucleic Acids and Their Components

       • Lawrence S. Myers Jr.

       Pages 261-286

   12. Repair of DNA Adducts Produced by Alkylation

       • Bernard S. Strauss

       Pages 287-314

   13. Photoaffinity Labeling of Proteins and More Complex Receptors

       • Barry S. Cooperman

       Pages 315-340

4. Relevance of DNA Adducts to Cancer Biology

   1. Chemically and Metabolically Induced DNA Adducts: Relationship to Chemical Carcinogenesis

      • Charles Heidelberger

      Pages 341-371

   2. Involvement of Radicals in Chemical Carcinogenesis

      • Paul O. P. Ts’o, James C. Barrett, William J. Caspary, Stephen A. Lesko, Ronald J. Lorentzen, Leonard M. Schechtman

      Pages 373-398

The covalent attachment to deoxyribonucleic acid in vivo of a large number of different types of chemical compounds (both normal cellular constituents such as proteins and amino acids, and also exogenous compounds such as drugs, carcinogens, etc. ) have been shown to exert profound effects upon cells. Four research activi­ ties, formerly considered to be totally independent, relate to this problem of nucleic acid adducts--(1) normal covalent attachment of DNA to membranes, protein linkers in chromosomes, etc. ; (2) the roles of radiation and chemical enhancement of DNA adduct formation in cell killing and mutagenesis. (A related field is the use of known cross-linking reactions to gain information on structural associations in macromolecular complexes. ); (3) the relevance of DNA adducts to chemical and radiation carcinogenesis; (4) the rele­ vance of DNA adducts to the cross-linking theory of cellular aging. (1) There are numerous examples of normal linkages between DNA and protein, e. g. , DNA-membrane attachment sites, protein linkers in chromosomes, amino acids covalently linked to DNA as a function of growth conditions, and gene regulation by non-covalently bound proteins. A summary of data on natural adducts to DNA thus serves to introduce the subject of the radiation and chemical enhancement of DNA adduct formation. (2) In the past, radiation biology has been concerned mainly with trying to understand the radiation chemistry of purified DNA, and the biological effects and repair of these radiation-induced alterations when produced in cellular DNA.

• DNA
• aging
• carcinogenesis
• cell
• mutagen

• Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA

  Kendric C. Smith

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