Emerging Strategies in Neuroprotection

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xix

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2. Preclinical Ischemia Model Systems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Primary Cultures for Testing Neuroprotective Drugs

      • Heike Oberpichler-Schwenk, Josef Krieglstein

      Pages 3-23

   3. Modeling Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Hippocampal Slices

      • Avital Schurr, Benjamin M. Rigor

      Pages 24-43

   4. Stroke Models for Preclinical Trials of Neuroprotective Agents

      • Chung Y. Hsu, Yong Y. He, Teng N. Lin, Grace Wu, Paul J. Marangos

      Pages 44-56

   5. Animal Models of Ischemia

      • Justin A. Zivin

      Pages 57-75

   6. Head Trauma Model Systems

      • Ronald L. Hayes, C. Edward Dixon, Susan R. Carrin

      Pages 76-89

3. Neuroprotective Approaches in Stroke and Head Trauma

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 91-91

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   2. Excitotoxicity, Cerebral Ischemia, and Neuroprotection by Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists

      • Dirk Sauer, Lourdes Massieu, Peter R. Allegrini, Hugo Amacker, Markus Schmutz, Graham E. Fagg

      Pages 93-105

   3. Excitatory Amino Acids and Neuroprotection

      • Brian Meldrum

      Pages 106-128

   4. Calcium Channel Blockers and Neuroprotection

      • Giora Feuerstein, Jackie Hunter, Frank C. Barone

      Pages 129-150

   5. Self-Defense of the Brain: Adenosinergic Strategies in Neurodegeneration

      • K. J. Dag, E. von Lubitz, Paul J. Marangos

      Pages 151-186

   6. Gangliosides: New Generation of Neuroprotective Agents

      • Sahebarao P. Mahadik

      Pages 187-223

   7. Lazaroids: Novel Cerebroprotective Antioxidants

      • Edward D. Hall

      Pages 224-237

   8. Membrane-Derived Lipid Second Messengers as Targets for Neuroprotection: Platelet-Activating Factor

      • Nicolas G. Bazan, Jacques M. Cluzel

      Pages 238-251

   9. Protection Against Oxidative Damage to CNS by α-Phenyl-tert-butyl Nitrone and Other Spin-Trapping Agents: A Novel Series of Nonlipid Free Radical Scavengers

      • Robert A. Floyd, John M. Carney

      Pages 252-272

   10. Insulin, Hypoglycemia, and Ischemic Neuroprotection

       • Roland N. Auer

       Pages 273-288

   11. Temperature Modulation of Neuronal Injury

       • Mordecai Y.-T. Globus, Raul Busto, W. Dalton Dietrich, Linda Sternau, Eiharu Morikawa, Myron D. Ginsberg

       Pages 289-306

4. Clinical Endpoints for Neuroprotective Drugs

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 307-307

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   2. Clinical Trial Issues in Stroke Therapy

      • Richard C. Meibach

      Pages 309-325

SOLOMON H. SNYDER Receptor Research Reaches Neurology: Relevance to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stroke President George Bush has heralded the 1990s as the decade of the brain, based largely on the rapid escalation of advances in the molecular neuro­ sciences and the likelihood that these will bear therapeutic fruit before the turn of the century. There is little doubt that the 1970s and 1980s have witnessed more remarkable advances in the molecular neurosciences than all of the preceding hundred years. Identification of receptor sites for drugs and neurotransmitters along with simple, sensitive, and specific means of monitoring them has made it possible to elucidate the mechanism of action for many known drugs and to identify new chemical entities as potential therapeutic agents. At the same time, the numbers of distinct neurotrans­ mitters have multiplied. Prior to 1970 only the biogenic amines were well accepted as transmitters. The early 1970s witnessed the gradual acceptance ofamino acids as major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Identification of opiate receptors and the subsequent identification of the enkephalins as their endogenous ligands led to an appreciation of peptides as putative transmitters and the accumulation of as many as a hundred neuropeptides by the decade's end. In the 1980s the revolutions of molecular biology have been applied aggressively to the neurosciences with molecular cloning for neuropeptide precursors, many important neurochemical en­ zymes, and receptors for numerous transmitters.

• Evolution
• biology
• brain
• neuroscience
• receptor

• NeuroTherapeutics Corp. and Center for Neurologic Study, San Diego, USA

  Paul J. Marangos

• Department of Pharmacology, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, USA

  Harbans Lal

Policies and ethics