Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Neuropathology of Primary and Secondary Brain Damage

   1. Head Injury

      1. Primary Brain Damage in Non-Missile Head Injury

         • J. Hume Adams, D. I. Graham, T. A. Gennarelli

         Pages 1-13

      2. Diffuse Axonal Injury — A New Conceptual Approach to an Old Problem

         • Thomas A. Gennarelli, J. H. Adams, D. I. Graham

         Pages 15-28

      3. Histopathology and Computerized Tomography of Human Traumatic Cerebral Swelling

         • Raymond A. Clasen, P. Guariglia, R. J. Stein, S. Pandolfi, J. J. Lobick

         Pages 29-45

      4. The Temporal Genesis of Primary and Secondary Brain Damage in Experimental and Clinical Head Injury

         • Donald P. Becker

         Pages 47-64

   2. Cerebral Ischemia

      1. Evolution of Neuronal Ischemic Injury

         • Julio H. Garcia, K. A. Conger

         Pages 65-83

      2. Secondary Changes in Human and Experimental Brain Infarction with Particular Consideration of Microembolism

         • K. J. Zülch

         Pages 85-97

      3. Ischemic Brain Damage in the Rat in a Long Term Recovery Model

         • Roland N. Auer, M.-L. Smith, B. K. Siesjö

         Pages 99-108

      4. Microthrombosis: A Contributing Factor to the Progression of Cerebral Infarction in Man

         • J. Cervos-Navarro, J. Figols, G. Ebhardt

         Pages 109-119

      5. The CT Normal But Low Flow Infarct Periphery: Selective Neuronal Necrosis?

         • Jens Astrup, M. Nedergaard, L. Klinken

         Pages 121-126

3. Pathophysiological and Biochemical Mechanisms

   1. Cerebral Edema

      1. Disturbances of Extracellular Homeostasis after a Primary Insult as a Mechanism in Secondary Brain Damage

         • K. G. Go

         Pages 127-137

      2. Role of Mediator Compounds in Secondary Brain Damage — Current Evidence

         • Andreas Unterberg, K. Maier-Hauff, C. Dautermann, U. Hack, L. Schürer, A. Baethmann

         Pages 139-150

      3. Neurochemical Sequelae of Brain Damage and Their Role in Functional Disturbances

         • Hanna M. Pappius, L. S. Wolfe

         Pages 151-167

      4. Changes in Brain Edema Movement Following Experimental Brain Insults and Acute Therapy

         • Hector E. James, R. Werner, M. del Bigio

         Pages 169-178

      5. Disturbances of Cellular Membranes and Membrane-Bound Enzymes in Cryogenic Brain Edema

         • Francois Cohadon, N. Averet, M. Rigoulet

         Pages 179-189

      6. Modifications of cAMP and Creatine Kinase-Isoenzymes in CSF in Experimental Head Injury

         • Raffael Vara-Thorbeck, M. Ruiz-Morales

         Pages 191-201

   2. Cerebral Ischemia

      1. Cell Swelling Mechanisms in Brain

         • Oliver Kempski

         Pages 203-220

      2. Progression and Irreversibility in Brain Ischaemia

         • Lindsay Symon

         Pages 221-237

      3. The Role of Recirculation for Functional and Metabolic Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia

         • Konstantin-A. Hossmann

         Pages 239-248

      4. Post-Ischemic Pathophysiology in the Gerbil Brain — Changes of Extracellular K+ and Ca++

         • T. Yamaguchi, H. G. Wagner, I. Klatzo

         Pages 249-258

A distinction between primary and secondary brain damage of vari­ ous origin, particularly in acute lesions, such as head injury and ische­ mia is not entirely new. The concept is of practical significance, be­ cause it is the foremost intention of all clinical efforts to prevent, or at least attenuate the development of secondary sequelae. Primary dam­ age to nervous elements usually cannot be influenced by treatment. Its prevention is the objective of prophylactic measures. The current volume gathered prominent scientists and clinicians from various fields to pro­ vide a competent introduction and survey of the various aspects involved in secondary brain damage. It was attempted to provide criteria for the distinction between the primary and secondary phenomena on a morpho­ logical and functional level, on the basis of the kinetics involved and, most importantly, regarding the different specific manifestations, such as disturbances of microcirculation, aspects of the blood-brain barrier, and of cellular structure and function at a molecular level. Although it was not expected that a grand unifying hypothesis will be reached recon­ cilable with the many, occasionally opposing views on such a complex subject, nevertheless, the present volume attains an appropriate result. It can best be described as a mosaic of many different pieces which only as an ensemble reflect the current state of the art.

• Pet
• Steroid
• brain
• circulation
• development
• fields
• influence
• kinetics
• structure

• University of Munich, Munich, West Germany

  A. Baethmann, A. Unterberg

• University of Groningen, Groningen, Holland

  K. G. Go

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