General Principles and Etiology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. History of Teratology

      • Josef Warkany

      Pages 3-45

   3. Current Status of Teratology

      • James G. Wilson

      Pages 47-74

   4. Relation of Animal Studies to the Problem in Man

      • F. Clarke Fraser

      Pages 75-96

3. Causes of Maldevelopment

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 97-97

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   2. Action of Mutagenic Agents

      • H. V. Malling, J. S. Wassom

      Pages 99-152

   3. Radiations and Other Physical Agents

      • Robert L. Brent

      Pages 153-223

   4. Infectious Diseases

      • Jerome E. Kurent, John L. Sever

      Pages 225-259

   5. Nutritional Deficiencies and Excesses

      • Lucille S. Hurley

      Pages 261-308

   6. Embryotoxicity of Drugs in Man

      • James G. Wilson

      Pages 309-355

   7. Environmental Chemicals

      • James G. Wilson

      Pages 357-385

   8. Maternal Metabolic and Endocrine Imbalances

      • Thomas H. Shepard

      Pages 387-404

   9. Atmospheric Gases

      • Casimer T. Grabowski

      Pages 405-420

   10. Extremes of Temperature

       • Marshall J. Edwards, Raoul A. Wanner

       Pages 421-444

   11. Interactions and Multiple Causes

       • F. Clarke Fraser

       Pages 445-463

4. Back Matter

   Pages 465-476

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In less than 40 years teratology has grown from a little known discipline concerned with studies on the effects of a few physical and chemical stresses on developing fish, amphibians, and birds, to a discipline embracing a vast accumulation of literature on experimental studies in many animal forms­ and the results of intensive scrutiny of human development under varied conditions, as well. Emphasis has shifted from preoccupation with descrip­ tions of anatomical defects to concern about subtle and interacting causative factors, to searches for the early reactions to these at the cellular and subcellu­ lar levels, and to identification of abnormality in the chemical, the functional, and the ultrastructural realms. These changes in orientation have quite naturally made necessary the recruitment of concepts, methods, and expertise from other disciplines. Hence the foundations of teratology, which once were largely morphological, have extended into genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, reproductive physiology, epidemiology, and several aspects of veteri­ nary and clinical medicine. It is not surprising that a student or new investigator approaching the field of teratology may feel some dismay when confronted with the confusing array of cross-disciplinary concepts and principles it encompasses today. One of the aims of this work is to introduce what the editors believe is a logical thread of continuity into a field that may be regarded by some as a welter of disordered information.

• biology
• epidemiology
• experiment
• genetics
• information
• medicine
• molecular biology
• physiology

• The Children’s Hospital Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA

  James G. Wilson

• Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

  F. Clarke Fraser

• Department of Medical Genetics, The Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Canada

  F. Clarke Fraser

Policies and ethics