Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Combustion of Polymers and Its Retardation

   • H. F. Mark, S. M. Atlas, S. W. Shalaby, E. M. Pearce

   Pages 1-17

3. Technology and Test Methods of Flameproofing of Cellulosics

   • Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello

   Pages 19-136

4. Flame Retardance of Protein Fibers

   • L. Benisek

   Pages 137-191

5. Flame-Retardant Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers

   • E. L. Lawton, C. J. Setzer

   Pages 193-221

6. Flame Retardance of Rubbers

   • T. H. Rogers Jr., R. E. Fruzzetti

   Pages 223-237

7. Retardation of Combustion of Polyamides

   • Eli M. Pearce, S. W. Shalaby, R. H. Barker

   Pages 239-290

8. Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Flammability Resistance of Polyurethanes

   • Kurt C. Frisch, Sidney L. Reegen

   Pages 291-336

9. Retardation of Combustion of Phenolic, Urea-Formaldehyde, Epoxy, and Related Resin Systems

   • Robert T. Conley, Daniel F. Quinn

   Pages 337-369

10. Candle-Type Test for Flammability of Polymers

    • C. P. Fenimore

    Pages 371-397

11. Flame-Retardant Organic Coatings

    • Wen-Hsuan Chang, Roger L. Scriven, Ronald Blair Ross

    Pages 399-453

12. Back Matter

    Pages 455-457

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Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States (Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control. "America Burning:' 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life and property--12.000 lives lost annually due to fire. and these deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases: 300.000 fire injuries: 11.4 billion dollars in fire cost at which 2.7 billion dollars is related to property loss: a billion dollars to burn injury treatment: and 3.3 billion dollars in productivity loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be attributed to fire situations. In relation to this. polymer flammability has been recognized as an in­ creasingly important social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant polymeric materials is a current example where the initia­ tive for major scientific and technological developments is motivated by sociological pressure and legislation. This is part of the important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life situations-housing. work areas. transportation. clothing and so forth-the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens" live. As a result. flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a specific class of materials leading to new and diversified scientific and technological ventures.

• Copolymer
• Polyimid
• Polyurethan
• environment
• lignin
• metals
• natural rubber
• nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
• polyamide
• polyethylene
• polymer
• polyvinyl chloride
• rubber
• spectroscopy
• stabilization

• Israel Fiber Institute, Jerusalem, Israel

  Menachem Lewin

• Bronx Community College, City University of New York, New York, USA

  S. M. Atlas

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn, USA

  Eli M. Pearce

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