Durable Resistance in Crops

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Durable Plant Resistance and the Genetics of Host/Pathogen Populations

   1. Durable Resistance and Agricultural Development

      • L. Chiarappa

      Pages 1-3

   2. Genetic Background of Durable Resistance

      • R. Johnson

      Pages 5-26

   3. Present Knowledge and Theories Concerning Durable Resistance

      • C. Person, R. Fleming, L. Cargeeg, B. Christ

      Pages 27-40

   4. Durable Resistance in Crops: Should the Concept of Physiological Races Die?

      • J. E. Vanderplank

      Pages 41-44

   5. Theoretical Resistance Models

      • R. A. Robinson

      Pages 45-55

   6. Models Explaining the Specificity and Durability of Host Resistance Derived from the Observations on the Barley-Puccinia Hordei System

      • J. E. Parlevliet

      Pages 57-80

   7. Pathogen Fitness in Cereal Mildews

      • M. S. Wolfe, J. A. Barrett, S. E. Slater

      Pages 81-100

   8. Problems in Estimating Parasitic Fitness

      • Hanne Østergaard

      Pages 101-104

   9. Response of a Powdery Mildew Population to a Barley Variety Mixture

      • Lisa Munk

      Pages 105-107

   10. Changing Gene Frequencies in Populations

       • E. L. Sharp

       Pages 109-118

   11. Durable Resistance and Disease Complexes

       • G. S. Sidhu, J. M. Webster

       Pages 119-124

3. Parameters and Targets of Durable Resistance

   1. Durable Resistance and Host-Pathogen-Environment Interaction

      • J. C. Zadoks, J. A. G. van Leur

      Pages 125-140

   2. Epidemiological Parameters of Plant Resistance

      • Jürgen Kranz

      Pages 141-161

   3. Durable Resistance in Crops: Biometric Analysis of Resistance

      • J. E. Vanderplank

      Pages 163-167

   4. Expression of Incomplete Resistance to Pathogens

      • Albertus B. Eskes

      Pages 169-195

   5. Resistance of Crops to Nematodes

      • F. Lamberti, C. E. Taylor

      Pages 197-206

   6. Durable Resistance of Barley Cultivars to the Nematode Heterodera avenae

      • Francoise Person-Dedryver

      Pages 207-210

   7. Resistance to Insects Promotes the Stability of Integrated Pest Control

      • O. M. B. de Ponti

      Pages 211-225

   8. Insect Resistance in Cotton in Sudan

      • O. S. Bindra

      Pages 227-229

Plant diseases and pests are a major constraint to agricultural production despite the various measures used to control them. Chemical control, although often e~~ective, may pose environmental hazards and is relatively expensive, especially in developing countries where it may be completely uneconomic. Control through genetically mediated resistance to diseases and pests, is both cheap and environmentally sa~e and at present most diseases and pests o~ staple ~ood crops are controlled through some form of resistance. One of the basic problems in the use of resistance is its ~re­ quent lack of durability; very often a type of resistance is used that 'breaks down' after a certain period. The temporary nature of this resistance, due to the development of new strains of pest or pathogen able to overcome it, has seriously hindered the improvement o~ the yield potential of many crops as a continuing effort is needed to replace old cultivars who resistance has failed, with new ones. Following Vanderplank's now classical publications (1963, 1968) which differentiated horizontal and vertical resistance, studies on several host-parasite systems have shown that di~ferent types of resistance can be distinguished genetically and epidemiologically, and on the ability o~ the pests or pathogens to adapt to them. A knowledge of how resistance operates at the population level has also opened up possibilities of 'managing' relatively simple resistance types in such a way that a stable host-pathogen system can be pro­ duced with a minimum of crop loss.

• agriculture
• bean
• crops
• development
• environment
• iron
• parasite
• pathogen
• plant
• plant disease
• population
• resistance
• system
• wheat

• Institute of Agricultural Nematology of the CNR, Bari, Italy

  F. Lamberti

• Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England

  J. M. Waller

• Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

  N. A. Graaff

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