Pentachlorophenol

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiv

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2. Usage Patterns and Environmental Fate of Pentachlorophenol

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Patterns of Pentachlorophenol Usage in Canada — an Overview

      • Richard A. W. Hoos

      Pages 3-11

   3. Patterns of Pentachlorophenol Usage in the United States of America — an Overview

      • Daniel P. Cirelli

      Pages 13-18

   4. Photolysis of Pentachlorophenol in Water

      • Donald G. Crosby, Anthony S. Wong

      Pages 19-25

   5. Degradation of Pentachlorophenol in Soil, and by Soil Microorganisms

      • Donald D. Kaufman

      Pages 27-39

   6. The Fate of Pentachlorophenol in an Aquatic Ecosystem

      • Richard H. Pierce Jr., Dilna M. Victor

      Pages 41-52

   7. The Environmental Fate of 14C-Pentachlorophenol in Laboratory Model Ecosystems

      • Po-Yung Lu, Robert L. Metcalf, Larry K. Cole

      Pages 53-63

3. Pharmacology and Toxicology of Pentachlorophenol

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 65-65

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   2. Metabolism

      1. Microbial Metabolism of Pentachlorophenol

         • Eric A. Reiner, Joseph P. Chu, Edwin J. Kirsch

         Pages 67-81

      2. Fate of Pentachlorophenol in the Blue Crab, <i>Callinectes sapidus</i>

         • Ajay K. Bose, H. Fujiwara

         Pages 83-88

      3. Metabolism of Pentachlorophenol in Fishes

         • Kunio Kobayashi

         Pages 89-105

      4. Studies on the Uptake, Disposition and Metabolism of Pentachlorophenol and Pentachloroanisole in Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>)

         • John J. Lech, Andrew H. Glickman, Charles N. Statham

         Pages 107-113

      5. Dechlorination of Pentachlorophenol <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i>

         • Ulf G. Ahlborg

         Pages 115-130

      6. Pentachlorophenol in Different Species of Vertebrates after Administration of Hexachlorobenzene and Pentachlorobenzene

         • G. Koss, W. Koransky

         Pages 131-137

   3. Comparative Toxicology and Pharmacology

      1. Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol and Related Compounds to Early Life Stages of Selected Estuarine Animals

         • Patrick W. Borthwick, Steven C. Schimmel

         Pages 141-146

      2. Effects of Sodium Pentachlorophenate on Several Estuarine Animals: Toxicity, Uptake, and Depuration

         • Steven C. Schimmel, James M. Patrick Jr., Linda F. Faas

         Pages 147-155

      3. Effects of Dowicide® G-ST on Development of Experimental Estuarine Macrobenthic Communities

         • M. E. Tagatz, J. M. Ivey, M. Tobia

         Pages 157-163

      4. Effects of Pentachlorophenol on the Meiobenthic Nematodes in an Experimental System

         • Frank R. Cantelmo, K. Ranga Rao

         Pages 165-174

      5. Effect of Sodium Pentachlorophenate on the Feeding Activity of the Lugworm, <i>Arenicola cristata</i> Stimpson

         • Norman I. Rubinstein

         Pages 175-179

Pentachlorophenol and its salts are used as biocides. Although they are used mainly for preservation and treatment of wood, their antimicrobial, antifungal, herbicidal, insecticidal and molluscicidal properties led to a widespread application of PCP formulations. Bevenue and Beckman reviewed the literature up to 1967 on the chemistry, toxicology and environmental residues of PCP (Residue Rev. , 19: 83- 134, 1967). Significant advances in analytical methodology, recurrent incidents of mortalities of non-target organisms exposed to PCP, regulatory actions pertaining to PCP usage in countries such as Japan and Sweden, and detection of the ubiquitous distribution of PCP in the environment, added to the wealth of recent literature on pentachlorophenol. In spite of the usage of PCP as an antimicrobial agent in drilling and packer fluids during oil-drilling operations in the marine environment, little is known of the toxicity of PCP to marine and estuarine organisms. The purpose of this volume is to present up-to-date information (including a number of new studies on marine and estuarine organisms) on the chemistry, pharmacology and environmental toxicology of pentachlorophenol. This volume is a collection of papers presented at an international symposium sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and The University of West Florida, held at Pensacola Beach, Florida, June 27-29,1977. I am grateful to Norman L.

• chemistry
• environment
• environmental protection
• toxicology
• air pollution and air quality

• University of West Florida, Pensacola, USA

  K. Ranga Rao

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