In-Situ Microscopy in Materials Research

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. In-situ Applications of Low Energy Electron Microscopy

   • E. Bauer

   Pages 1-12

3. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

   • Gerasimos Daniel Danilatos

   Pages 13-44

4. ESEM Development and Application in Cultural Heritage Conservation

   • Eric Doehne

   Pages 45-62

5. Intrinsic Point Defect Clustering in Si: A Study by HVEM and HREM in Situ Electron Irradiation

   • Ludmila Fedina, Anton Gutakovskii, Alexander Aseev, Joseph Van Landuyt, Jan Vanhellemont

   Pages 63-92

6. In-Situ Observation and Quantitative Analysis of Electromigration Void Dynamics

   • Richard Frankovic, Gary H. Bernstein

   Pages 93-122

7. Environmental High Resolution Electron Microscopy in Materials Science

   • Pratibha L. Gai, Edward D. Boyes

   Pages 123-147

8. In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Thin Film Growth

   • J. Murray Gibson

   Pages 149-171

9. HREM In-Situ Experiment at Very High Temperatures

   • Takeo Kamino, Hiroyasu Saka

   Pages 173-199

10. In-situ REM and TEM Studies of Homo and Hetero-epitaxy on Si Surfaces

    • Hiroki Minoda, Katsumichi Yagi

    Pages 201-224

11. Atomic-Scale Fabrication of Metal Surfaces by Using Adsorption and Chemical Reaction

    • Ken-ichi Tanaka, Yuji Matsumoto, Takaya Fujita, Yuji Okawa

    Pages 225-261

12. High Temperature Dynamic Behavior of Silicon Surfaces Studied by STM

    • Hiroshi Tokumoto

    Pages 263-282

13. Dynamic Observation of Vortices in Superconductors Using Electron Waves

    • Akira Tonomura

    Pages 283-299

14. Tem Studies of Some Structurally Flexible Solids and Their Associated Phase Transformations

    • Ray L. Withers, John G. Thompson

    Pages 301-330

15. Back Matter

    Pages 331-336

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2. High Temperature UHV-STM System 264 3. Hydrogen Desorption Process on Si (111) Surface 264 4. (7x7) - (1 xl) Phase Transition on Si (111) Surface 271 Step Shifting under dc Electric Fields 275 5. 6. Conclusions 280 Acknowledgements and References 281 12. DYNAMIC OBSERVATION OF VORTICES IN SUPERCONDUCTORS USING ELECTRON WAVES 283 by Akira Tonomura 1. Introduction 283 2. Experimental Method 284 2. 1 Interference Microscopy 284 2. 2 Lorentz Microscopy 287 Observation of Superconducting Vortices 288 3. 3. 1 Superconducting Vortices Observed by Interference Microscopy 288 3. 1. 1 Profile Mode 288 3. 1. 2 Transmission Mode 291 3. 2 Superconducting Vortices Observed by Lorentz Microscopy 293 3. 3 Observation of Vortex Interaction with Pinning Centers 294 3. 3. 1 Surface Steps 295 3. 3. 2 Irradiated Point Defects 296 4. Conclusion 298 References 299 13. TEM STUDIES OF SOME STRUCTURALLY FLEXIBLE SOLIDS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS 301 by Ray L. Withers and John G. Thompson 1. Introduction 301 2. Tetrahedrally Comer-Connected Framework Structures 302 3. Tetragonal a-PbO 311 4. Compositionally Flexible Anion-Deficient Fluorites and the "Defect Fluorite" to C-type Sesquioxide Transition 320 5. Summary and Conclusions 327 Acknowledgements and References 327 Author Index 331 Subject Index 333 List of Contributors A. ASEEV Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, 630090, pr. ac. , Lavrentjeva 13, RUSSIA E. BAUER Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, U. S. A. G. H.

• adsorption
• electron
• electron microscopy
• epitaxy
• LEEM
• material
• materials science
• microscopy
• semiconductor
• semiconductor physics
• STM
• superconductor
• thin films
• transmission electron microscopy
• vortices

• Central Research and Development, Science and Engineering Laboratories, DuPont, Experimental Station, Wilmington, USA

  Pratibha L. Gai

Pratibha L. Gai is a senior research associate at the Central Research and Development, Science and Engineering Laboratories, DuPont and an adj. professor at the University of Delaware, USA. After graduating with a PhD in physics from the University of Cambridge, England, she taught and conducted research, leading the surface reactions group at the University of Oxford, England. She was elected a fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. Her research interests are theories and experimental aspects of electron diffraction, defects in solids, ceramics, superconductors, semiconductors, heterogeneous catalysis and chemical synthesis. She has published about 22 research papers and reviews and has given numerous invited lectures internationally. She has received several educational awards and joint grants for her key fundamental work on in-situ electron microscopy of heterogeneous catalysts, including by the Royal Society, UK and the American Chemical Society. She is a member and fellow of several professional scientific societies, Chartered Engineer of the Institute of Materials, UK and is on the editorial board of international scientific journals.

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