Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxii

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2. Introduction

   • Herman Bachelard

   Pages 1-7

3. 13C and 1H MRS of Cultured Neurons and Glia

   • Ursula Sonnewald, Arne Schousboe, Niels Westergaard

   Pages 9-39

4. Measurement of Free Intracellular Cations

   • Herman Bachelard, Ronnitte Badar-Goffer

   Pages 41-64

5. In Vivo Nitrogen MRS Studies of Rat Brain Metabolism

   • Keiko Kanamori, Brian D. Ross

   Pages 65-90

6. Traumatic Brain Injury

   • Robert Vink, Tracy K. McIntosh

   Pages 91-116

7. Animal Models of Stroke

   • Terri L. C. Luvisotto, Garnette R. Sutherland

   Pages 117-143

8. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: Application to Brain Tumors

   • Brian D. Ross, Oded Ben-Yoseph, Thomas L. Chenevert

   Pages 145-178

9. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

   • Martin King, Nick van Bruggen, Albert Busza, Robert Turner

   Pages 179-211

10. High-Speed Echo-Planar Imaging and its Application to Neurology

    • Penny Gowland, Peter Mansfield

    Pages 213-239

11. Brain Activation Studies Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    • Steve C. R. Williams, Andrew Simmons, Chris M. Andrew, Mick J. Brammer, Ed T. Bullmore, Sophia Rabe-Hesketh

    Pages 241-265

12. MRI and Proton MRS in the Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis

    • D. L. Arnold, P. M. Matthews, N. De Stefano

    Pages 267-288

13. Phosphorus and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Brain of the Newborn Human Infant

    • Ernest B. Cady

    Pages 289-327

14. Localized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Brain Disorders in Childhood

    • Jens Frahm, Folker Hanefeld

    Pages 329-402

15. Back Matter

    Pages 403-413

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The Advances in Neurochemistry series was initiated for a readership of neuroscientists with a background in biochemistry. True to this concept, the present volume brings together various applications of magnetic resonance technology to advance our knowledge of how the nervous system functions. Whether at the cellular, tissue slice, or intact organism level. magnetic resonance techniques are by their nature noninvasive, and thus provide a window through which biochemical reactions can be viewed without grinding, binding, or other­ wise perturbing ongoing physiological processes. As technological improve­ ments in methodology, such as higher and more uniform magnetic fields, novel paradigms for data analysis, etc. , are made, we find increased sensitivity and improved temporal and spatial resolution for functional imaging techniques on the one hand, and better separation of signals that identify chemical properties in spectral shift studies, on the other. It is upon knowledge such as is described in the twelve chapters that follow, that further advances in scientific discovery and the biomedical applications of tomorrow will be based. We are grateful to Dr. Bachelard, the Volume Editor, and to the authors of the individual chapters for their efforts. We also note that with this volume Dr. Morris Aprison, a co-founder of the Advances in Neurochemistry series has stepped down and acknowledge with thanks his major role in its inception. In addition, we thank our past and present Advisory Editors. Bernard W. Agranoff Kunihiko Suzuki Series Editors ix CONTENTS LIST OF SYMBOLS AND GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• brain
• brain injury
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• neurochemistry
• spectroscopy
• trauma
• traumatic brain injury
• tumor

• University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England

  Herman Bachelard

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