Neurobiology of Essential Fatty Acids

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Phospholipases A2: Properties and Modulation

   1. The Induction of Cellular Group II Phospholipase A2 by Cytokines and its Prevention by Dexamethasone

      • H. van den Bosch, C. Schalkwijk, J. Pfeilschifter, F. Märki

      Pages 1-10

   2. Brain Phospholipases And Their Role In Signal Transduction

      • Akhlaq A. Farooqui, Yutaka Hirashima, Lloyd A. Horrocks

      Pages 11-25

   3. Characteristics And Possible Functions of Mast Cell Phospholipases A2

      • Makoto Murakami, Ichiro Kudo, Keizo Inoue

      Pages 27-34

   4. Extracellular Phospholipase A2

      • Edward A. Dennis, Raymond A. Deems, Lin Yu

      Pages 35-39

   5. Ischemic Brain Damage: Focus On Lipids And Lipid Mediators

      • Bo K. Siesjö, Kenichiro Katsura

      Pages 41-56

3. Cell Signaling and Essential Fatty Acids: Cross-Talk between Receptors and Messengers

   1. Reciprocal Regulation of Fatty Acid Release In The Brain By Gaba and Glutamate

      • Dale L. Birkle

      Pages 57-71

   2. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Arachidonic Acid Release In Neurons: Role In Signal Transduction and Pathological Aspects

      • Jerzy W. Lazarewicz, J. T. Wroblewski, E. Salinska

      Pages 73-89

   3. Non-Eicosanoid Functions of Essential Fatty Acids: Regulation of Adenosine-Related Functions In Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells

      • Mary G. Murphy, Zenobia Byczko

      Pages 91-102

   4. Contributions To Arachidonic Acid Release In Mouse Cerebrum by The Phosphoinositide-Phospholipase C and Phospholipase A2 Pathways

      • Grace Y. Sun

      Pages 103-114

   5. Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism In Cultured Rat Astroglial Cells By Long-Chain N-3 Fatty Acids

      • C. Galli, F. Marangoni, A. Petroni

      Pages 115-120

   6. Modulation of Glutamate Release From Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Nerve Endings By Arachidonic Acid And Eicosanoids

      • R. V. Dorman, T. F. R. Hamm, D. S. Damron, E. J. Freeman

      Pages 121-136

   7. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Neuronal Toxicity

      • G. Aleppo, A. Pisani, A. Copani, V. Bruno, E. Aronica, V. D’Agata et al.

      Pages 137-145

4. Metabolites of Essential Fatty Acids and other Membrane-Derived Second Messengers in Cell Signaling

   1. A Role for The Arachidonic Acid Cascade In Fast Synaptic Modulation: Ion Channels and Transmitter Uptake Systems As Target Proteins

      • A. Volterra, D. Trotti, P. Cassutti, C. Tromba, R. Galimberti, P. Lecchi et al.

      Pages 147-158

   2. Aplysia Californica Contains A Novel 12-Lipoxygenase which Generates Biologically Active Products From Arachidonic Acid

      • Steven J. Feinmark, Douglas J. Steel, Anoopkumar Thekkuveettil, Mayumi Abe, Xiang-Duan Li, James H. Schwartz

      Pages 159-169

   3. Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency In Cultured SK-N-SH Human Neuroblastoma Cells

      • E. B. Stubbs Jr., R. O. Carlson, C. Lee, S. K. Fisher, A. K. Hajra, B. W. Agranoff

      Pages 171-182

   4. Phospholipid Metabolism and Second Messenger System After Brain Ischemia

      • Koji Abe, Tsutomu Araki, Jun-ichi Kawagoe, Masashi Aoki, Kyuya Kogure

      Pages 183-195

5. Dietary Supply of Essential Fatty Acids, Synaptogenesis, and Photoreceptor Membrane Biogenesis

   1. Impact of Dietary Fatty Acid Balance on Membrane Structure and Function of Neural Tissues

      • M. T. Clandinin, M. Suh, K. Hargreaves

      Pages 197-210

   2. Structural and Functional Importance of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Nervous System

      • Jean-Marie Bourre, Michelle Bonneil, Jean Chaudière, Michel Clément, Odile Dumont, Georges Durand et al.

      Pages 211-229

   3. Long and Very Long Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Retina and Spermatozoa: The Whole Complement of Polyenoic Fatty Acid Series

      • Marta I. Aveldaño

      Pages 231-242

It is increasingly evident that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which in the past were often believed to be mere components of cellular membranes of neural tissue, are actually major determinants of the functional properties of neural cells and are intimately involved in brain disease processes. The two families of PUF A, which are derived from the essential polyenes, linoleic (18:26) and a-linolenic (18:33) acids, constitute a major proportion (-30%) of the total fatty acids esterified to brain phospholipids. Each family is distributed in membranes in a highly specific manner with respect to brain region, cell type, and position within each of the phosphoglycerides. Unlike their behavior in other organs, the PUF A components of brain turn over slowly and are relatively resistant to dietary modification. Their unique distribution and stability suggest that they play an important role in determining the functional properties of neural cells. However, until recently very little was known regarding the precise nature of their involvement.

• GABA
• Glutamat
• behavior
• biology
• brain
• kinetics
• lipide
• neurobiology
• pathophysiology
• physiology
• receptor
• tissue

• Louisiana State University Eye Center and Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA

  Nicolas G. Bazan

• Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada

  Mary G. Murphy

• FIDIA Research Laboratories, Abano Terme, Italy

  Gino Toffano

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