Natural Products as Antiviral Agents

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-viii

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2. Progress in the Development Of Natural Products for Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Infections

   • Raymond F. Schinazi

   Pages 1-29

3. Structure-Activity Correlations of Natural Products with Anti-HIV Activity

   • Mohamed Nasr, James Cradock, Margaret Johnston

   Pages 31-56

4. AIDS-Antiviral Natural Products Research at The U.S. National Cancer Institute

   • Kirk R. Gustafson, John H. Cardellina II, Kirk P. Manfredi, John A. Beutler, James B. McMahon, Michael R. Boyd

   Pages 57-67

5. Tannins and Related Compounds as Anti-HIV Agents 1

   • Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Gen-ichiro Nonaka, Itsuo Nishioka, Makoto Nishizawa, Takashi Yamagishi et al.

   Pages 69-90

6. Mode of Action of Hypericin as an Antiretroviral Agent and Other Relevant Findings

   • Daniel Meruelo, Steven Degar, Nuria Amari, Yehuda Mazur, David Lavie, Brandi Levin et al.

   Pages 91-119

7. Activity of Selected Amaryllidaceae Constituents and Related Synthetic Substances Against Medically Important RNA Viruses

   • Bjarne Gabrielsen, Thomas P. Monath, John W. Huggins, Jorma J. Kirsi, Melinda Hollingshead, William M. Shannon et al.

   Pages 121-135

8. Aminosugar Attenuation of HIV Infection

   • Gary S. Jacob, Peter Scudder, Terry D. Butters, Ian Jones, David C. Tiemeier

   Pages 137-152

9. Plant Proteins with Antiviral Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus

   • Sylvia Lee-Huang, Hao-Chia Chen, Hsiang-fu Kung, Philip L. Huang, Peter L. Nara, Bao-Qun Li et al.

   Pages 153-170

10. Antiviral Studies with Trichosanthin, A Plant Derived Single Chain Ribosome Inactivating Protein

    • M. S. McGrath, K. C. Luk, H. D. Abrams, I. Gaston, S. Santulli, S. E. Caldwell et al.

    Pages 171-193

11. Screening of Natural Products as HIV-1 And HIV-2 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Inhibitors

    • Ghee T. Tan, John M. Pezzuto, A. Douglas Kinghorn

    Pages 195-222

12. Natural Products as Anti-HIV Agents

    • Daniel Lednicer, Ven L. Narayanan

    Pages 223-238

13. Antiviral Activity of Natural Phloroglucinols and Their Analogues

    • Masahiro Tada, Kazuhiro Chiba, Takao Yoshii

    Pages 239-255

14. The Indole Alkaloid Tumor Promoter Teleocidins as Epstein-Barr Virus Inducers: Structure, Biosynthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship

    • Kazuhiro Irie, Koichi Koshimizu

    Pages 257-273

15. Back Matter

    Pages 275-279

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During the past fifty years, thousands of natural products have been isolated from plants, fungi, and bacteria. Apart from intense searches by pharmaceutical companies for medicinals and the concentrated effort mounted by the National Cancer Institute, many of these have not been tested in biological systems. The major reasons for this appear to be, at least, twofold. First, individual researchers looking for biologically active natural products will often isolate only small amounts of material sufficient to determine a structure and calculate the specific activity for their particular bioassay systems: insufficient funds preclude re-isolating the compound unless industrial potential is foreseen. Second, the difficulty with which original structures were proved prior to 1972. This required the isolation of relatively large quantities of a natural product and there followed extensive degradation, elemental analyses of the parent and its fragments, then synthesis, piece by piece, of the molecule. All this took time and energy. No wonder that when the structure was proved the chemist was enervated. And coupled to this was the fact that many chemists were not trained to test their materials in biological systems. In contrast, today a natural product can be isolated, its mass and molecular formula determined and, if there is some serendipity, crystals may be obtained for single crystal x-ray analysis. If conditions are near perfect, it is possible to isolate and identify a novel compound in a month.

• Amaryllidaceae
• HIV
• bacteria
• cancer
• development
• fungi
• immunodeficiency
• infection
• infections
• natural products
• plant
• plants
• proteins
• research
• virus

• The University of Georgia, Athens, USA

  Chung K. Chu

• Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, USA

  Horace G. Cutler

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