Low-Calorie Foods and Food Ingredients

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

   PDF

2. Low-calorie foods: relevance for body weight control

   • J. E. Blundell, C. de Graaf

   Pages 1-21

3. Regulatory aspects of low-calorie food

   • G. Urquhart, S.V. Molinary

   Pages 22-35

4. Low-calorie bulk sweeteners: nutrition and metabolism

   • F. R. J. Bornet

   Pages 36-52

5. Low-calorie bulking ingredients: nutrition and metabolism

   • G. Annison, C. Bertocchi, R. Khan

   Pages 53-76

6. Fat replacer ingredients and the markets for fat-reduced foods

   • M. G. Lindley

   Pages 77-105

7. Fat and calorie-modified bakery products

   • R. L. Barndt, R. N. Antenucci

   Pages 106-137

8. High-intensity, low-calorie sweeteners

   • L. Hough

   Pages 138-164

9. Low-calorie soft drinks

   • M. Mathlouthi, C. Bressan

   Pages 165-178

10. Back Matter

    Pages 179-183

    PDF

amounts can produce a deleterious effect on animals. In an attempt to quantify this potential for toxicity and to give sufficient margin for safety, JECFA has introduced an acceptable daily intake (ADI) level for food additives. For example, the ADI values granted for saccharin, aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-K and sucralose are 2. 5, 40, 11,9 and 1 3. 5 mg kg- body weight per day, respectively. Chapter 2 on regulatory aspects of low-calorie food elaborates these points. The additives that are to be consumed in large amounts, such as a fat replacement product like 'Olestra' or a new bulking material like 'polydextrose', present a more complex problem as far as the evaluation of their toxicity is concerned. Normal safety testing of an additive, such as a high-intensity sweetener, requires that the test animals are fed with a sufficiently high dosage in order to produce an effect and then on that basis an ADI value is calculated. In cases like 'Olestra' and 'polydex­ trose', which are not normally present in diet or metabolised to dietary constituents, such an approach will obviously not be applicable, or of any use, in calculating an ADI value. Due to these factors the regulatory authorities have not yet been able to produce any guidelines for toxicity trials for additives that are to be taken in food in large quantities.

• additives
• food
• metabolism
• nutrition
• toxicity

• POLY-biòs LBT, Trieste, Italy

  Riaz Khan

Policies and ethics