Monumentality in Later Prehistory

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiv

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2. Setting the Scene

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Enclosure and Monumentality: Hillforts in British and European Late Prehistory

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 3-10

   3. Castell Henllys in Its Temporal, Cultural, and Intellectual Contexts

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 11-45

3. The Palisaded Settlement

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 47-47

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   2. The Palisade and Entrance

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 49-71

   3. The Interior: Roundhouses, Scoops, and Activity Areas

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 73-89

   4. A Boundary in Stones: The Chevaux-de-Frise

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 91-102

   5. The Palisaded Settlement: Its Size, Character and Environmental Impact

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 103-117

4. Ramparts and Ditches

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 119-119

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   2. Previous Research on Hillfort Ramparts and Ditches

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 121-129

   3. Ramparts and Ditches on the Western Side of the Fort

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 131-145

   4. The Building of a Rampart: Stratigraphy and Action Unpicked

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 147-183

   5. Encircling the Promontory

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 185-212

   6. Ramparts and Ditches: Evidence and Inference

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 213-227

5. The Entrances

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 229-229

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   2. Crossing Thresholds: Entrances in Stone

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 231-257

   3. Crossing Thresholds: From Monumental to Non-monumental

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 259-273

   4. An Epilogue: The Late Roman or Post-Roman Refurbishment

      • Harold Mytum

      Pages 275-291

6. Conclusions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 293-293

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This volume provides the results of a 30-year excavation, reconstruction, and public interpretation campaign at the late prehistoric inland promontory settlement of Castell Henllys, here focusing on the defensive sequence and the role of monumentality in later prehistory. The site has international significance because of the extensive excavations of the Iron Age palisaded settlement and later earthen ramparts, complex gateway, and chevaux-de-frise of upright stones. It is now widely recognised that the Iron Age consisted of many regional cultural traditions, and the excavations at Castell Henllys provide a vital contrast to the well-known large hillfort communities in other parts of England and Wales as well as across Europe. As such, it is a unique window into a widespread but largely ignored site category and form of social and economic organisation. The publication will provide a case study for the construction and use of the earthworks of a major European late prehistoric settlement type – the Iron Age hillfort; the monumental construction is compared with other communal investments such as the Mississippian mounds. It will also offer an innovative form of site reporting, including alternative interpretations of the earthworks as either military defences or the community-binding symbols. Along with Excavation, Experiment and Heritage Interpretation: Castell Henllys Hillfort Then and Now, these books will be required reading by those studying the late prehistoric archaeology of Britain and Europe at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate level, and by those in North America studying complex societies, monumentality and ways of writing archaeology.

• Iron Age Archaeology
• Welsh archaeology
• defense preparations in the Iron Age
• defensive sequence of hillforts
• hillforts excavation
• hillforts impact on environment

• Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  Harold Mytum

Harold Mytum MA (Cambridge) DPhil (Oxford) FSA is Director of the Centre for Manx Studies and Professor of Archaeology at the University of Liverpool. His fieldwork at Castell Henllys and other regional sites has continued over 30 years, partly within a field school training context (Global Perspectives on Archaeological Field Schools. Constructions of knowledge and experience. New York: Springer, 2012). He has written numerous articles and book chapters on reconstruction and public interpretation at Castell Henllys, and a monograph, journal articles, and book chapters on the later prehistory of the region (Williams and Mytum Llawhaden, Dyfed: Excavations on a group of small defended enclosures, 1980-4. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1994). Harold is also well known for his historical archaeology research (Recording and Analysing Graveyards. Council for British Archaeology Handbook 15. York: Council for British Archaeology, 2000; Mortuary Monuments and Burial Grounds of the Historic Period. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2004; Carr and Mytum eds Cultural Heritage and Prisoners of War: Creativity Behind Barbed Wire. New York: Routledge, 2012; Mytum and Carr eds Prisoners of War: archaeology, memory and heritage of 19th- and 20th-century mass internment. New York: Springer, 2013).

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