Gender Dysphoria and Disorders of Sex Development

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxxii

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2. Developmental Principles

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Sex Differentiation: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones

      • Julie Bakker

      Pages 3-23

   3. Genetic Aspects of Gender Identity Development and Gender Dysphoria

      • Daniel Klink, Martin Den Heijer

      Pages 25-51

   4. Gender Identity Development: A Biopsychosocial Perspective

      • Annelou L. C. de Vries, Baudewijntje P. C. Kreukels, Thomas D. Steensma, Jenifer K. McGuire

      Pages 53-80

3. Disorders of Sex Development

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 81-81

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   2. The Early Care of the Infant with a Suspected Disorder of Sex Development

      • S. Faisal Ahmed

      Pages 83-92

   3. A Noncategorical Approach to the Psychosocial Care of Persons with DSD and Their Families

      • David E. Sandberg, Tom Mazur

      Pages 93-114

   4. Psychosexual Development in Individuals with Disorders of Sex Development

      • Birgit Köhler, Martina Jürgensen, Eva Kleinemeier, Ute Thyen

      Pages 115-134

4. Gender Dysphoria

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 135-135

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   2. Gender Identity Diagnoses: History and Controversies

      • Jack Drescher

      Pages 137-150

   3. Care for Gender-Dysphoric Children

      • Domenico Di Ceglie

      Pages 151-169

   4. Models of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

      • Kenneth J. Zucker, Hayley Wood, Doug P. VanderLaan

      Pages 171-192

   5. Early Medical Intervention in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

      • Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal

      Pages 193-203

   6. Medical Treatment for Children with Gender Dysphoria: Conceptual and Ethical Issues

      • Simona Giordano

      Pages 205-230

   7. Care for Adults with Gender Dysphoria

      • Griet De Cuypere, Luk Gijs

      Pages 231-254

   8. Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adults with Gender Identity Problems

      • Luk Gijs, Ellis van der Putten-Bierman, Griet De Cuypere

      Pages 255-276

   9. Sex Reassignment: Endocrinological Interventions in Adults with Gender Dysphoria

      • Louis Gooren, Henk Asscheman

      Pages 277-297

   10. Surgical Interventions for Gender Dysphoria

       • Stan J. Monstrey, Marlon Buncamper, Mark-Bram Bouman, Piet Hoebeke

       Pages 299-318

   11. The Impact of Stigma on Transgender Identity Development and Mental Health

       • Walter Bockting

       Pages 319-330

This book provides a state of the art review on the care and treatment of and  current scientific knowledge on gender dysphoria (GD) and disorders of sex development (DSD). The book elucidates the history, the present situation, and the newest developments and future perspectives in both research on GD and DSD and the clinical management of individuals with GD and DSD of all ages. With contributions from a selection of leading scientists and established clinicians in the field of GD and DSD, this is a unique and comprehensive book focusing on the etiology and developmental trajectories of GD and DSD regarding gender identity development, psychiatric comorbidity, classification dilemmas, ethical dilemmas in treatment, influences of societal stigmatization, and discussion of the medical and psychological implications and outcomes of treatment, and providing treatment guidelines for individuals with GD and DSD (distinct guidelines each for children, adolescents, and adults). By presenting not only an historic overview and the current state of the art, but also challenges for the future, the book aims to demonstrate the need for further research and to stimulate the development and improvement of the clinical care of individuals with GD and DSD.​ 

• Endocrinological interventions
• Gender identity diagnoses
• Psychosexual development
• Sex differentiation
• Sex reassignment
• adolescents with gender dysphoria
• biopsychosocial perspectives
• disorders of sex development
• gender dysphoria
• gender dysphoric children
• gender identity development
• gender identity disorder
• intersex
• psychopathology in adolescents
• psychopathology in children
• psychosocial care of persons
• transgender identity development
• transsexualism
• treatment guidelines for GD and DSD
• sexual behaviour

• Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  Baudewijntje P.C. Kreukels, Thomas D. Steensma

• Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Child and Adolescent Psych, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  Annelou L.C. de Vries

Baudewijntje P.C. Kreukels, PhD ia a senior researcher at VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam Hormones & Brain. Dr. Kreukels is also Editor Neuropraxis, a Dutch journal on Neuroscience and in 2011 guest editor-in-chief special issue neuroendocrinology. Dr. Kreukels is a member of the International Academy of Sex Research, Dutch Society for Neuropsychology, Network LGBT Research, and the Dutch Neurofederation.Thomas D. Steensma, PhD is a clinical psychologist at the VU Medical Center in The Netherlands. He received his master degree in clinical and social psychology from the University of Amsterdam. He is an associate member of the International Academy of Sex Research.

Annelou de Vries, MD, PhD is a child and adolescent psychiatrist working at the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam. The scope of her work is consultative-liaison psychiatryat the Pediatric department, focusing on sick children with mental health problems. An important and special part of her work is dedicated to gender dysphoric adolescents. At the Amsterdam Gender Identity Clinic (Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria), adolescents with a gender identity disorder may be eligible for the complete reversible medical treatment with GnRH analogues to block puberty from age 12 on to create rest and time to make a balanced decision about the irreversible gender reassignment when adolescents reach adulthood. Apart from her clinical work with these gender dysphoric adolescents, Annelou de Vries is also involved in research and published several studies on mental health of gender dysphoric adolescents and treatment evaluation  of this GnRH analogue treatment.

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