Principles and Practice of X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxxii

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2. X-Ray Physics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Excitation and Nature of X-Rays; X-Ray Spectra

      • Eugene P. Bertin

      Pages 3-49

   3. Properties of X-Rays

      • Eugene P. Bertin

      Pages 51-85

3. The X-Ray Spectrometer, Its Components, and Their Operation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 87-87

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   2. X-Ray Secondary-Emission (Fluorescence) Spectrometry; General Introduction

      • Eugene P. Bertin

      Pages 89-112

   3. Excitation

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      Pages 113-160

   4. Dispersion

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      Pages 161-217

   5. Detection

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      Pages 219-284

   6. Measurement

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      Pages 285-314

   7. Pulse-Height Selection; Energy-Dispersive Analysis; Nondispersive Analysis

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      Pages 315-403

   8. Laboratory, Automated, and Special X-Ray Spectrometers

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      Pages 405-433

4. Qualitative and Semiquantitative Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages N3-N3

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   2. Qualitative and Semiquantitative Analysis

      • Eugene P. Bertin

      Pages 435-457

5. Performance Criteria and Other Features

   1. Front Matter

      Pages N5-N5

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   2. Precision and Error; Counting Statistics

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      Pages 459-500

   3. Matrix Effects

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      Pages 501-527

   4. Sensitivity and Resolution; Spectral-Line Interference

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      Pages 529-567

6. Quantitative Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 569-569

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   2. Methods of Quantitative Analysis

      • Eugene P. Bertin

      Pages 571-641

Since the first edition of this book was published early in 1970, three major developments have occurred in the field of x-ray spectrochemical analysis. First, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 already securely established among instrumental analytical methods, has matured. Highly sophisticated, miniaturized, modular, solid-state circuitry has replaced elec­ tron-tube circuitry in the readout system. Computers are now widely used to program and control fully automated spectrometers and to store, process, and compute analytical concentrations directly and immediately from ac­ cumulated count data. Matrix effects have largely yielded to mathematical treatment. The problems associated with the ultralong-wavelength region have been largely surmounted. Indirect (association) methods have extended the applicability of x-ray spectrometry to the entire periodic table and even to certain classes of compounds. Modern commercial, computerized, auto­ matic, simultaneous x-ray spectrometers can index up to 60 specimens in turn into the measurement position and for each collect count data for up to 30 elements and read out the analytical results in 1--4 min-all corrected for absorption-enhancement and particle-size or surface-texture effects­ and wholly unattended. Sample preparation has long been the time-limiting step in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. Second, energy-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 only beginning to assume its place among instrumental analytical methods, has undergone phenomenal development and application and, some believe, may supplant wavelength spectrometry for most applications in the foreseeable future.

• Chromat
• Lithium
• Phosphor
• Platin
• X-ray
• chemical analysis
• circuit
• energy
• material
• physics
• qualitative analysis
• quantitative analysis
• sorption
• spectrometry
• system

• RCA Laboratories, David Sarnoff Research Center, Princeton, USA

  Eugene P. Bertin

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