Austenitic Steels at Low Temperatures

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. The Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures

   • H. I. McHenry

   Pages 1-27

3. Development of Cryogenic Structural Materials for Tokamak Reactor

   • K. Yoshida, H. Nakajima, K. Koizumi, M. Shimada, Y. Sanada, Y. Takahashi et al.

   Pages 29-39

4. Martensitic Transformations in Fe-Cr-Ni Stainless Steels

   • H. P. Reed

   Pages 41-67

5. The Influence of Martensitic Transformation on Strength and Plasticity of Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy Single Crystals

   • V. Ya. Ilichev, L. V. Skibina, M. M. Chernik

   Pages 69-82

6. Austenitic-Steel Elastic Constants

   • H. M. Ledbetter

   Pages 83-103

7. Temperature Dependence of Flow Strength of Selected Austenitic Stainless Steels

   • R. P. Reed, R. L. Tobler, J. W. Elmer

   Pages 105-116

8. Cryogenic Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Superconducting Magnet

   • Kiyohiko Nohara, Tsunehiko Kato, Terufumi Sasaki, Shigeharu Suzuki, Yutaka Ono

   Pages 117-133

9. Factors Influencing the Low-Temperature Dependence of Yielding in AISI 316 Stainless Steels

   • R. L. Tobler, D. H. Beekman, R. P. Reed

   Pages 135-157

10. Toughness and Fatigue Properties of Austenitic Steels at Cryogenic Temperature and their Application in Complex Structures

    • H. Krauth, A. Nyilas

    Pages 159-169

11. Automated Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing of JBK-75 Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures

    • P. K. Liaw, W. A. Logsdon, M. H. Attaar

    Pages 171-185

12. Effects of Magnetic Field on Tensile Behavior at 4 K of Alloys 304 and 310

    • R. P. Reed, J. M. Arvidson, J. W. Ekin, R. H. Schoon

    Pages 187-198

13. Effects of Magnetic Fields on Martensite Transformations and Mechanical Properties of Steels at Low Temperatures

    • B. Fultz, G. M. Chang, J. W. Morris

    Pages 199-209

14. Effect of EB-Weld and Cold-Rolling on Low Temperature Strength and Toughness of Austenitic Stainless Steels

    • T. Ogata, K. Nagai, K. Hiraga, K. Ishikawa, H. Irie

    Pages 211-220

15. The Effect Of δ-Ferrite Upon the Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Centrifugally Cast Stainless Steels

    • K. S. Lee, David Dew-Hughes

    Pages 221-242

16. The Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Castings at 4 K

    • T. A. Whipple, H. I. McHenry

    Pages 243-248

17. Heat Treatments to Desensitize and Remove Delta Ferrite from a 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn Stainless Steel Intended for the Fabrication of Aerofoil Models for Cryogenic Wind Tunnels

    • D. A. Wigley

    Pages 249-261

18. Preliminary Study on Structural Material Selection for Large Superconducting Magnets

    • S. Tone, M. Ogawa, M. Yamaga, H. Kaji, T. Horiuchi, Y. Kasamatsu et al.

    Pages 263-275

19. Low Temperature Mechanical and Physical Properties of Age-Hardened Fe-Ni-Cr-Mn Alloys

    • K. Hiraga, K. Ishikawa, T. Ogata, K. Nagai

    Pages 277-286

20. Mechanical Properties of 18Mn-5Cr Austenitic Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures

    • R. Miura, K. Ohnishi, H. Nakajima, Y. Takahashi, K. Yoshida

    Pages 287-293

The need for alternate energy sources has led to the develop­ ment of prototype fusion and MHD reactors. Both possible energy systems in current designs usually require the use of magnetic fields for plasma confinement and concentration. For the creation and maintenance of large 5 to 15 tesla magnetic fields, supercon­ ducting magnets appear more economical. But the high magnetic fields create large forces, and the complexities of the conceptual reactors create severe space restrictions. The combination of re­ quirements, plus the desire to keep construction costs at a mini­ mum, has created a need for stronger structural alloys for service at liquid helium temperature (4 K). The complexity of the required structures requires that these alloys be weldable. Furthermore, since the plasma is influenced by magnetic fields and since magnet­ ic forces from the use of ferromagnetic materials in many configur­ ations may be additive, the best structural alloy for most applica­ tions should be nonmagnetic. These requirements have led to consideration of higher strength austenitic steels. Strength increases at low temperatures are achieved by the addition of nitrogen. The stability of the austenitic structure is retained by adding manganese instead of nickel, which is more expensive. Research to develop these higher strength austenitic steels is in process, primarily in Japan and the United States.

• alloy
• crystal
• fatigue
• iron
• liquid

• National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, USA

  R. P. Reed

• Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe, Japan

  T. Horiuchi

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