The Arctic Seas

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. The Present Climate of the Arctic Ocean and Possible Past and Future States

   • R. G. Barry

   Pages 1-46

3. Arctic Ice-Ocean Dynamics

   • W. D. Hibler III

   Pages 47-91

4. Chemical Oceanography of the Arctic Ocean

   • Leif Anderson, David Dyrssen

   Pages 93-114

5. Polar Marine Ecosystem Evolution

   • M. J. Dunbar

   Pages 115-122

6. Arctic Sea-Ice Biota

   • Rita A. Horner

   Pages 123-146

7. Primary Production, Chlorophyll, Light, and Nutrients Beneath the Arctic Sea Ice

   • Ole G. N. Andersen

   Pages 147-191

8. Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton

   • B. R. Heimdal

   Pages 193-222

9. Foraminifera and Pteropoda Beneath the Arctic Sea Ice: New Distributions

   • Yvonne Herman, Ole G. N. Andersen

   Pages 223-234

10. Ecology of Arctic Ocean Cryopelagic Fauna

    • I. A. Mel’nikov

    Pages 235-255

11. Evolution of Arctic Ecosystems During the Neogene Period

    • A. N. Golikov, O. A. Scarlato

    Pages 257-279

12. Distributional Patterns of Echinoderms in the Eurasian Sector of the Arctic Ocean

    • N. A. Anisimova

    Pages 281-301

13. Marine Bivalvia of the Arctic Ocean

    • V. V. Fedyakov, A. D. Naumov

    Pages 303-324

14. Arctic Ocean Gastropod Prosobranchs

    • A. N. Golikov

    Pages 325-340

15. Arctic Ocean Bryozoa

    • Valentina I. Gontar, Nina V. Denisenko

    Pages 341-371

16. Arctic Ocean Mysids (Crustacea, Mysidacea): Evolution, Composition, and Distribution

    • V. V. Petryashov

    Pages 373-396

17. Hydrozoa of the Eurasian Arctic Seas

    • S. D. Stepanjants

    Pages 397-430

18. Arctic Ocean Cumacea

    • S. V. Vassilenko

    Pages 431-444

19. Quaternary Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy: The Eastern Arctic Ocean Record

    • Gunilla Gard

    Pages 445-459

20. Arctic Ocean Radiolarians

    • S. B. Kruglikova

    Pages 461-480

The Arctic region has long held a fascination for explorers and scientists of many countries. Despite the numerous voyages of exploration, the na­ ture of the central Arctic was unknown only 90 years ago; it was believed to be a shallow sea dotted with islands. During Nansen's historic voyage on the polarship Fram, which commenced in 1893, the great depth of the central basin was discovered. In the Soviet Union, investigation of the Arctic Ocean became national policy after 1917. Today research at several scientific institutions there is devoted primarily to the study of the North Polar Ocean and seas. The systematic exploration of the Arctic by the United States com­ menced in 1951. Research has been conducted year-round from drifting ice islands, which are tabular fragments of glacier ice that break away from ice shelves. Most frequently, ice islands originate off the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. These research platforms are occupied as weather sta­ tions, as well as for oceanographic and geophysical studies. Several inter­ national projects, conducted by Canadian, European, and U. S. groups, have been underway during the last three decades. Although much new data have accumulated since the publication of the Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas volume in 1974 (Yvonne Herman, ed. ), in various fields of polar research-including present-day ice cover, hydrogra­ phy, fauna, flora, and geology-many questions remain to be answered.

• Arctic Ocean
• Climatology
• Coast
• Ocean
• Oceanography
• Sea ice
• ecosystem
• geochemistry
• marine
• marine geology
• plankton

`[This book] should provide a welcome insight into studies underway in the Soviet Union, the results of which are not always readily accessible to researchers in the West.'
Geographical Journal

• Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

  Yvonne Herman

Policies and ethics