Individual Susceptibility to Genotoxic Agents in the Human Population

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Genotoxic Substances and Variability in Human Disease

   1. Investigation of Genetic Hazards: Guidance from Occupational and Environmental Studies

      • Irving J. Selikoff

      Pages 1-20

   2. Epidemiology and Population Monitoring in Genetic Risk Assessment

      • Ernest B. Hook

      Pages 21-31

   3. An Overview of Approaches for Genetic Monitoring of Humans

      • H. Eldon Sutton

      Pages 33-52

   4. Evaluation of Genotoxic Effects in Human Populations

      • M. D. Waters, J. W. Allen, L. D. Claxton, N. E. Garrett, S. L. Huang, M. M. Moore et al.

      Pages 53-87

3. Metabolism of Genotoxic Agents in Human Cells and its Relevance to Risk Assessment

   1. On the Possible Significance of TCDD Receptor Based Assays in Attempts to Estimate Environmental Health Hazards

      • Jan Åke Gustafsson, Jan Carlstedt-Duke, Mikael Gillner, Lars-Arne Hansson, Bertil Högberg, Johan Lund et al.

      Pages 89-108

   2. Interindividual Differences in Monooxygenase Activities of Human Liver

      • G. Clare Kahn, Alan R. Boobis, Donald S. Davies

      Pages 109-153

   3. Involvement of Prostaglandin Synthetase in the Metabolic Activation of Chemical Carcinogens — Phenacetin as an Example

      • Peter Moldéus, Bo Andersson, Roger Larsson, Magnus Nordenskjöldt

      Pages 155-162

   4. The Use of Immunological and Molecular Biological Techniques in the Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Disease

      • Alf Fischbein, J. George Bekesi, Irving J. Selikoff, Ernest Borek

      Pages 163-175

   5. Interindividual Variation in the DNA Binding of Chemical Genotoxins Following Metabolism by Human Bladder and Bronchus Explants

      • F. B. Daniel, G. D. Stoner, H. A. J. Schut

      Pages 177-199

4. Genotoxic Testing on Somatic Cells in the Human Population

   1. Intrinsic Factors that can Affect Sensitivity to Chromosome Aberration Induction

      • R. Julian Preston

      Pages 201-210

   2. Individual Variability in the Frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchange in Human Lymphocytes

      • Bo Lambert, Robert Olin

      Pages 211-233

   3. Variations in Mitotic Index and Chromosomal Aberration Rates in Women

      • Beryl Hartley-Asp

      Pages 235-241

   4. Micronuclei in Cultured Lymphocytes as an Indicator of Genotoxic Exposure

      • Benkt Högstedt, Felix Mitelman

      Pages 243-248

   5. Detection of Mutated Erythrocytes in Man

      • William L. Bigbee, Elbert W. Branscomb, Ronald H. Jensen

      Pages 249-266

   6. Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes as Indicator Cells for in vivo Mutation in Man

      • Gösta Zetterberg

      Pages 267-280

   7. Discrimination between Spontaneous and Induced Mutations in Human Cell Populations by use of Mutational Spectra

      • Thomas R. Skopek, Phaik-Mooi Leong, William G. Thilly

      Pages 281-291

5. Evaluation of Body Tissues and Fluids as Indicators of Exposure

   1. Short Term Tests on Body Fluids

      • Claes Ramel

      Pages 293-303

   2. Chemical Analysis of Human Samples Identification and Quantification of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans

      • Christoffer Rappe, Martin Nygren

      Pages 305-314

   3. Hemoglobin as a Dose Monitor of Alkylating Agents Determination of Alkylation Products of N-Terminal Valine

      • S. Jensen, Margareta Törnqvist, L. Ehrenberg

      Pages 315-320

As a result of the industrial revolution, man's technological achievements have been truly great, increasing the quality of life to almost unimagined proportions; but all this progress has not been accomplished without equally un imagined health risks. Sufficiently diagnostic short-term assay procedures have been developed in recent years for us to determine that there are mutagenic agents among thou­ sands of chemicals to which the human population is exposed today. These chemicals were not significantly present prior to the indus­ trial revolution. As of today, there are no procedures available which have been adequately demonstrated to assess individual sus­ ceptibility to genotoxic exposures, and as a result we have had to rely on extrapolating toxicological data from animal model systems. The question is can we afford to allow such an increased environ­ mental selection pressure via mutagenic exposures to occur without expecting adverse long-term effects on our health. It is apparent from this line of reasoning that what is lacking and immediately needed are test procedures that can be applied to humans to assess genotoxic exposure as well as individual susceptibility to it. There have already been two conferences which have focused at­ tention on this research area. "Guidelines for studies of human populations exposed to mutagenic and reproductive hazards" (A. D. Bloom, ed., March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, White Plains, New York, 1981) and "Indicators of genotoxic exposure in humans" (Banbury Report 13, B. A. Bridges, B. E. Butterworth, and I. B.

• environment
• environmental health
• health
• risk assessment

• Research Triangle Park, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA

  Frederick J. Serres

• University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

  Ronald W. Pero

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