Immunobiology and Immunopharmacology of Bacterial Endotoxins

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Introductory Section

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Biology and Physiopharmacology Of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxins And Their Role In Immunoregulation - An Introductory Preview

      • Andor Szentivanyi, Herman Friedman

      Pages 3-11

   3. Retrospective and Prospective View of Endotoxin Research

      • L. Joe Berry

      Pages 13-34

3. Chemical and Molecular Characteristics of Endotoxins

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 35-35

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   2. Beneficially Active Structural Entities in Endotoxin Preparations

      • Alois Nowotny

      Pages 37-55

   3. The Antigenic Structure of the Lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

      • Michael A. Apicella

      Pages 57-64

   4. Lipid A: Relationships of Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

      • Otto Lüderitz, Chris Galanos, Ernst Th. Rietschel, Otto Westphal

      Pages 65-74

   5. Production of Human Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Cross-Reactive Determinants on Lipopolysaccharides

      • James W. Larrick, Mark Jahnsen, George Senyk, Stefan Weiss, Karen Watson

      Pages 75-81

   6. Physical Properties of Short-Chain and Long-Chain Fractions of Lipopolysaccharide

      • Arnold A. Peterson, Estelle J. McGroarty

      Pages 83-87

   7. Analysis and Characterization of Bacterial Endotoxins (Lipopolysaccharides) by SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Followed by Silver Stain

      • Chao-Ming Tsai, Carl E. Frasch

      Pages 89-96

4. Physiological and Pharmacological Effects of Endotoxins

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 97-97

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   2. Metabolic Effects of Endotoxin

      • John J. Spitzer, Gregory J. Bagby, Charles H. Lang

      Pages 99-110

   3. Glucose Dyshomeostasis in Endotoxicosis Direct Versus Monokine-Mediated Mechanisms of Endotoxin Action

      • Michael R. Yelich, Linda Witek-Janusek, James P. Filkins

      Pages 111-132

   4. In Vivo Effects on Cellular Metabolism and Calcium Dynamics by Continuous Infusion of Endotoxin

      • Judy A. Spitzer

      Pages 133-149

   5. Endotoxin (LPS) Toxicity to Hepatocytes (H) In Vitro - Modulation by Macrophages (M)

      • Patricia S. Latham, Susan B. Sepelak

      Pages 151-158

   6. Effects of Endotoxin on Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

      • Joseph F. Williams, Andor Szentivanyi

      Pages 159-169

   7. Myocardial Performance and Adrenergic Modulation of Cyclic AMP Following Endotoxin Administration

      • Raymond E. Shepherd, Charles H. Lang, Brent A. Brumfield, Norman W. Robie, Karen R. DuSapin, Kathleen H. McDonough

      Pages 171-185

   8. Cyclic Nucleotides in the Immunopharmacology of Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxins

      • John W. Hadden, Ann Galy, Elba M. Hadden, J. L. Touraine, Ronald G. Coffey

      Pages 187-198

5. Immunogenicity and Non-Specific Effects of Endotoxin

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 199-199

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Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo­ toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.

• Antigen
• antibiotics
• bacteria
• immunobiology
• infection
• infections
• interferon
• leukemia
• lymphocytes
• macrophages
• pharmacology
• proteins
• research
• retroviruses
• virus

• University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, USA

  Andor Szentivanyi, Herman Friedman

• University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

  Alois Nowotny

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