The Pupil

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. The Normal Pupil

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. An Introductory Discussion of Anatomy as It Relates to the Pupil

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 3-9

   3. Pupil Size

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 11-12

   4. Pharmacologic Effects on the Pupil

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 13-17

   5. Reflex Changes in the Pupil

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 19-26

3. Examination of the Pupil

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 27-27

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   2. Methods and Instrumentation

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 29-36

   3. Pupillary Light Reflexes in the Evaluation of Retinal Function

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 37-40

4. The Abnormal Pupil

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 41-41

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   2. Irregularities of the Pupil

      • E. Alexandridis

      Pages 43-48

   3. Pupillary Disturbances Accompanying Neuroophthalmologic Disease

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      Pages 49-75

   4. Pupillary Disturbances Due to Poisonings

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      Pages 77-87

5. Back Matter

   Pages 89-117

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This monograph by Professor Alexandridis continues the proud tradition of German ophthalmology in its discussion of the pupil and its importance in the diagnosis of ocular, neurologic, and systemic diseases. The first encyclopedic work on the pupil was written by Wilbrand and Saenger at the end of the 19th century. This redoubtable pair of physicians collected, analyzed, and clas­ sified all the material available at that time, bringing order into the previous chaos. The second major work was the book by C. v. Behr shortly after World War 1. At that time, syphilis had been accurately diagnosed with the aid of serologic tests, and pharmacologic effects on the pupil had become well known. The third significant development was initiated before World War II by the neurologist Otto Lowenstein, whose work was later brilliantly continued by his pupil and niece Irene Lowenfeld. The introduction of their clinically useful pupillograph made quantitative analysis possible. There followed a number of important contributions to the knowledge of pupillary physiology and pathology, espe­ cially by Harms in Tiibingen and Thompson in Iowa City. But the next decisive contribution is this monograph by Alexandridis.

• ALEXANDRIDIS
• Pupille
• anatomy
• differential diagnosis
• eye
• pathology
• retina

• University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany

  E. Alexandridis

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