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The Brain as an Endocrine Organ

  • Book
  • © 1989

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Part of the book series: Endocrinology and Metabolism (EAM, volume 3)

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Table of contents (7 chapters)

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About this book

In the middle of the 17th century, the great French philosopher Rene Descartes wrote (L'Homme, J. Le Gras, Paris, 1669) that a suitable stimulation of the brain results in two types of "movements": exterior movements, designed to seek desirable ends and to avoid undesirable or harmful ones and interior movements or "passions" which through the release of "animal spirits" regulate the heart, the liver, and other organs. When it appears appropriate to meet a threat with force, the passion of rage causes the release of strong spirits, whereas when avoidance appears to be the better choice, the passion of fear causes the brain to release weak spirits. We do not know what influence, if any, Descartes had on the thinking of Walter B. Cannon (Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage, Appleton and Co. , New York, 1920), of Hans Selye (The Story of the Adaptation Syndrome, Acta, Inc. , Montreal, 1952), ofG. W. Harris or of R. Guillemin (Hypothalamic-Hypophysial Interrelationships. A SymĀ­ posium. c. c. Thomas, Springfield, 1956), but it is interesting to reflect upon the durable value of great ideas which constantly resurface even if modified by other ideas and by new techniques, as if propelled by a preordained intellectual imperative.

Editors and Affiliations

  • University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA

    Margo Panush Cohen

  • Institute for Metabolic Research, University City Science Center, Philadelphia, USA

    Margo Panush Cohen

  • Wayne State University, Detroit, USA

    Piero P. FoĆ 

  • Department of Research, Sinai Hospital, Detroit, USA

    Piero P. FoĆ 

  • West Bloomfield, USA

    Piero P. FoĆ 

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