Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Introduction and Historical Overview

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Introduction

      • Norbert Schwarz, Seymour Sudman

      Pages 3-4

   3. Context Effects: State of the Past/State of the Art

      • Howard Schuman

      Pages 5-20

3. Question-Order Effects in Surveys

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 21-21

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   2. “Order Effects” in Survey Research: Activation and Information Functions of Preceding Questions

      • Fritz Strack

      Pages 23-34

   3. Context Effects on Responses to Attitude Questions: Attitudes as Memory Structures

      • Roger Tourangeau

      Pages 35-47

   4. Constructive Processes as a Source of Context Effects in Survey Research: Explorations in Self-Generated Validity

      • Jack M. Feldman

      Pages 49-61

   5. Question-Order Effects and Brand Evaluations: The Moderating Role of Consumer Knowledge

      • Barbara A. Bickart

      Pages 63-79

   6. Basking and Brooding: The Motivating Effects of Filter Questions in Surveys

      • Leonard L. Martin, Thomas F. Harlow

      Pages 81-95

   7. Serial Context Effects in Survey Interviews

      • Dancker D. L. Daamen, Steven E. de Bie

      Pages 97-113

   8. Questionnaire Context as a Source of Response Differences in Mail and Telephone Surveys

      • John Tarnai, Don A. Dillman

      Pages 115-129

   9. Context Effects as Substantive Data in Social Surveys

      • Jaak B. Billiet, Lina Waterplas, Geert Loosveldt

      Pages 131-147

   10. Qualitative Analysis of Question-Order and Context Effects: The Use of Think-Aloud Responses

       • George F. Bishop

       Pages 149-162

   11. Thoughts on the Nature of Context Effects

       • Tom W. Smith

       Pages 163-184

4. Response-Order Effects in Surveys

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 185-185

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   2. A Cognitive Model of Response-Order Effects in Survey Measurement

      • Norbert Schwarz, Hans-J. Hippler, Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

      Pages 187-201

   3. The Impact of Cognitive Sophistication and Attitude Importance on Response-Order and Question-Order Effects

      • Jon A. Krosnick

      Pages 203-218

5. Order Effects in Psychological Testing

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 219-219

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   2. Order Effects within Personality Measures

      • Eric S. Knowles, Michelle C. Coker, Deborah A. Cook, Steven R. Diercks, Mary E. Irwin, Edward J. Lundeen et al.

      Pages 221-236

0 e The contributors to this book review our current knowledge of context effects in survey research, psychological testing, and social judgement. Drawing on recent developments in cognitive psychology, they offer theoretical accounts of the conditions that lead to the emergence of various context effects and report a number of new experimental studies. At stake now are clear, practical needs in the structuring of reliable tests, and a strong interest to develop a coherent theoretical framework to assess and scrutinize context effects, in addition to the desire to align some of the findings in survey research studies with the discoveries made in the information-processing field. This book attests to a fruitful dialogue between cognitive psychologists and survey researchers, as the cognitive processes initiated by question probes are really beginning to be understood and context effects classified and differentiated.

• Evaluation
• cognitive psychology
• interview
• memory
• personality
• psychology
• psychometrics

• ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany

  Norbert Schwarz

• Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA

  Seymour Sudman

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