The First Humans

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Retrospectives and Theoretical Perspectives

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

      PDF

   2. Early Humans: Of Whom Do We Speak?

      • Richard E. Leakey

      Pages 3-6

   3. Homo habilis—A Premature Discovery: Remembered by One of Its Founding Fathers, 42 Years Later

      • Phillip V. Tobias

      Pages 7-15

   4. Where Does the Genus Homo Begin, and How Would We Know?

      • Bernard A. Wood

      Pages 17-28

3. Craniodental Perspectives on Taxonomy and Systematics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

      PDF

   2. The Origin of Homo

      • William H. Kimbel

      Pages 31-37

   3. Comparisons of Early Pleistocene Skulls from East Africa and the Georgian Caucasus: Evidence Bearing on the Origin and Systematics of Genus Homo

      • G. Philip Rightmire, David Lordkipanidze

      Pages 39-48

   4. Phenetic Affinities of Plio-Pleistocene Homo Fossils from South Africa: Molar Cusp Proportions

      • Frederick E. Grine, Heather F. Smith, Christopher P. Heesy, Emma J. Smith

      Pages 49-62

4. Postcranial Perspectives on Locomotion and Adaptation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

      PDF

   2. Evolution of the Hominin Shoulder: Early Homo

      • Susan G. Larson

      Pages 65-75

   3. Brains, Brawn, and the Evolution of Human Endurance Running Capabilities

      • Daniel E. Lieberman, Dennis M. Bramble, David A. Raichlen, John J. Shea

      Pages 77-92

   4. Interlimb Proportions in Humans and Fossil Hominins: Variability and Scaling

      • William L. Jungers

      Pages 93-98

5. Perspectives on Development, Diet and Behavior

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

      PDF

   2. Growth and Development of the Nariokotome Youth, KNM-WT 15000

      • M. Christopher Dean, B. Holly Smith

      Pages 101-120

   3. Dental Evidence for Diets of Early Homo

      • Peter S. Ungar, Robert S. Scott

      Pages 121-134

   4. Origins and Adaptations of Early Homo: What Archeology Tells Us

      • Hélène Roche, Robert J. Blumenschine, John J. Shea

      Pages 135-147

6. Environmental and Ecological Perspectives

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

      PDF

   2. Plio-Pleistocene East African Pulsed Climate Variability and Its Influence on Early Human Evolution

      • Mark A. Maslin, Martin H. Trauth

      Pages 151-158

   3. Tracking Ecological Change in Relation to the Emergence of Homo Near the Plio-Pleistocene Boundary

      • Kaye E. Reed, Samantha M. Russak

      Pages 159-171

There are some issues in human paleontology that seem to be timeless. Most deal with the origin and early evolution of our own genus – something about which we should care. Some of these issues pertain to taxonomy and systematics. How many species of Homo were there in the Pliocene and Pleistocene? How do we identify the earliest members the genus Homo? If there is more than one Plio-Pleistocene species, how do they relate to one another, and where and when did they evolve? Other issues relate to questions about body size, proportions and the functional adaptations of the locomotor skeleton. When did the human postcranial “Bauplan” evolve, and for what reasons? What behaviors (and what behavioral limitations) can be inferred from the postcranial bones that have been attributed to Homo habilis and Homo erectus? Still other issues relate to growth, development and life history strategies, and the biological and archeological evidence for diet and behavior in early Homo. It is often argued that dietary change played an important role in the origin and early evolution of our genus, with stone tools opening up scavenging and hunting opportunities that would have added meat protein to the diet of Homo. Still other issues relate to the environmental and climatic context in which this genus evolved.

• Archaeology
• Life History
• Locomotion
• Paleoanthropology
• human evolution

From the reviews:

"This volume provides an up-to-date, concise synthesis of what is known about early Homo and highlights what still remains to be done.” Journal of Human Evolution, 2009

• Departments of Anthropology and Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

  Frederick E. Grine

• Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

  John G. Fleagle

• Department of Anthropology and Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

  Richard E. Leakey

Frederick E. Grine

Fred Grine is Professor of Anthropology and of Anatomical Sciences at Stony Brook University. He has published over 100 articles in scientific journals dealing with the subject of human evolution, and his work on the Late Pleistocene human fossil from Hofmeyr, South Africa, was named by Time Magazine as one of the top ten science stories of 2007. He edited Evolutionary History of the ‘Robust’ Australopithecines (1988, Aldine de Gruyter), and is author of Regional Human Anatomy: a Laboratory Workbook (2002, 2005, 2007, McGraw-Hill).

John G. Fleagle

John Fleagle is Distinguished Professor of Anatomical Sciences at Stony Brook University. He has conducted paleontological field work in many parts of the world, including Argentina, Egypt, Kenya, Ethiopia and India. He is the author of the textbook Primate Adaptation and Evolution (1988, 1999, Elsevier), co-editor of the Human Evolution Sourcebook (1993, 2006, Prentice Hall), and editor of the journal Evolutionary Anthropology.

Richard E. Leakey

Richard Leakey is Professor of Anthropology at Stony Brook University and former Director of the Kenya National Museums and the Kenya Wildlife Service. His field work around Lake Turkana, Kenya, has yielded a treasure trove of hominin fossils that has provided much of the paleontological record on which our understanding of human evolution is based. He has authored a number of books, including Origins, and most recently, The Sixth Extinction: Patterns of Life and The Future of Humankind. He is Chairman of the Board of the Turkana Basin Institute at Stony Brook University.

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