The Vegetation of Egypt

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIX

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2. Egypt: The Gift of the Nile

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 1-2

3. Physiography, Climate and Soil-Vegetation Relationships

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 3-12

4. The Western Desert

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 13-100

5. The Eastern Desert

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 101-211

6. The Sinai Peninsula

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 213-249

7. The Nile Region

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 251-303

8. The History of the Vegetation: Its Salient Features and Future Study

   • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

   Pages 305-318

9. Remote Sensing and Vegetation Map of Egypt

   • B. B. Salem, G. L. Andersen, M. A. Zahran

   Pages 319-333

10. Sustainable Development of Egypt’s Deserts

    • M. A. Zahran, A. J. Willis

    Pages 335-374

11. Back Matter

    Pages 375-437

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This book is an attempt to compile and integrate the information documented by many botanists, both Egyptians and others, about the vegetation of Egypt. The ? rst treatise on the ? ora of Egypt, by Petrus Forsskal, was published in 1775. Records of the Egyptian ? ora made during the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt (1778–1801) were provided by A. R. Delile from 1809 to 1812 (Kassas, 1981). The early beginning of ecological studies of the vegetation of Egypt extended to the mid-nineteenth century. Two traditions may be recognized. The ? rst was general exploration and survey, for which one name is symbolic: Georges-Auguste Schweinfurth (1836–1925), a German scientist and explorer who lived in Egypt from 1863 to 1914. The second tradition was ecophysiological to explain the plant life in the dry desert. The work of G. Volkens (1887) remains a classic on xeroph- ism. These two traditions were maintained and expanded in further phases of e- logical development associated with the establishment of the Egyptian University in 1925 (now the University of Cairo). The ? rst professor of botany was the Swedish Gunnar Tackholm (1925–1929). He died young, and his wife Vivi Tackholm devoted her life to studying the ? ora of Egypt and gave leadership and inspiration to plant taxonomists and plant ecologists in Egypt for some 50 years. She died in 1978. The second professor of botany in Egypt was F. W.

• Desert
• Ecology
• Egypt
• Nile
• Sustainability
• geomorphology
• morphology
• vegetation

• Dept. Botany, Mansoura University Faculty of Sciences, Egypt

  M. A. Zahran

• Emeritus Prof. of Plant Ecology Dept. of Animal & Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, UK

  A. J. Willis

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