The Codification of Medical Morality

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Observations on the Duties of a Physician, and the Methods of Improving Medicine. Accommodated to the Present State of Society and Manners in the United States

   1. Introduction

      • Robert Baker

      Pages 1-22

3. The Nineteenth-Century American Codification of Medical Ethics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 23-23

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   2. An introduction to the Boston medical police of 1808

      • Robert Baker

      Pages 25-46

   3. The historical context of the American medical association’s 1847 Code of Ethics

      • Robert Baker

      Pages 47-87

   4. Creating a medical profession in the United States: The first Code of Ethics of the American medical association

      • Stanley Joel Reiser

      Pages 89-103

   5. Worthington Hooker on ethics in clinical medicine

      • Tom L. Beauchamp

      Pages 105-119

   6. Diverging traditions: Professional and religious medical ethics of the nineteenth century

      • Robert M. Veatch

      Pages 121-132

4. Medical Ethics and Medical Jurisprudence in Nineteenth-Century Britain

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 133-133

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   2. Reciprocity in the development of Anglo-American medical ethics, 1765–1865

      • Chester Burns

      Pages 135-143

   3. An introduction to Jukes Styrap’s a code of medical ethics (1878)

      • Peter Bartrip

      Pages 145-171

   4. Forensic medicine and medical ethics in nineteenth-century Britain

      • M. Anne Crowther

      Pages 173-190

   5. Secret remedies, medical ethics, and the finances of the British Medical Journal

      • Peter Bartrip

      Pages 191-204

   6. Legal precedent and medical ethics: Some problems encountered by the general medical council in relying upon precedent when declaring acceptable standards of professional conduct

      • Russell G. Smith

      Pages 205-218

5. Back Matter

   Pages 221-238

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Like many novel ideas, the idea for this volume and its predecessor arose over lunch in the cafeteria of the old Wellcome Institute. On an atternoon in Sept- ber 1988, Dorothy and Roy Porter, and I, sketched out a plan for a set of conf- ences in which scholars from a variety of disciplines would explore the emergence of modern medical ethics in the English-speaking world: from its pre-history in the quarrels that arose as gentlemanly codes of etiquette and honor broke down under the pressure of the eighteenth-century "sick trade," to the Enlightenment ethics of John Gregory and Thomas Percival, to the American appropriation process that culminated in the American Medical Association's 1847 Code of Ethics, and to the British turn to medical jurisprudence in the 1858 Medical Act. Roy Porter formally presented our idea as a plan for two back-to-back c- ferences to the Wellcome Trust, and I presented it to the editors of the PHI- LOSOPHY AND MEDICINE series, H. Tristram Engeihardt, Jr. and Stuart Spicker. The reception from both parties was enthusiastic and so, with the financial backing of the former and a commitment to publication from the latter, Roy Porter, ably assisted by Frieda Hauser and Steven Emberton, - ganized two conferences. The first was held at the Wellcome Institute in - cember 1989; the second was sponsored by the Wellcome, but was actually held in the National Hospital, in December 1990.

• Beauchamp
• ethics
• medical ethics
• morality

• Department of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady

  Robert Baker

Policies and ethics