Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxiii

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2. Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Historical Perspective

   • Pierre-Marie L. Robitaille

   Pages 1-17

3. Design Considerations for Ultra High Field MRI Magnet Systems

   • John Bird, Darren Houlden, Nick Kerley, David Rayner, David Simkin, Simon Pittard

   Pages 19-43

4. Hardware Considerations in Ultra High Field MRI

   • Douglas A. C. Kelley

   Pages 45-57

5. Aspects of Clinical Imaging at 7 T

   • Franz Schmitt, Andreas Potthast, Bernd Stoeckel, Christina Triantafyllou, Christopher J. Wiggins, Graham Wiggins et al.

   Pages 59-103

6. The Challenges of Integrating A 9.4T MR Scanner for Human Brain Imaging

   • Keith R. Thulborn

   Pages 105-126

7. Ultra High Field MRI: High-Frequency Coils

   • J. Thomas Vaughan

   Pages 127-161

8. A Perspective into Ultra High Field MRI RF Coils

   • Tamer S. Ibrahim

   Pages 163-208

9. Radiofrequency Field Calculations for High Field MRI

   • Christopher M. Collins

   Pages 209-248

10. Magnetic Susceptibility Effects in High Field MRI

    • Qing X. Yang, Michael B. Smith, Jianli Wang

    Pages 249-284

11. High Magnetic Fields for Imaging Cerebral Morphology, Function, and Biochemistry

    • Kâmil Uğurbil, Gregor Adriany, Can Akgün, Peter Andersen, Wei Chen, Michael Garwood et al.

    Pages 285-342

12. High-Resolution and Microscopic Imaging at High Field

    • Lawrence L. Wald, Bruce Fischl, Bruce R. Rosen

    Pages 343-371

13. In-Vivo NMR Spectroscopy of the Brain at High Fields

    • Rolf Gruetter, Pierre-Gilles Henry, Hongxia Lei, Silvia Mangia, Gülin Öz, Melissa Terpstra et al.

    Pages 373-409

14. Clinical Promise: Clinical Imaging at Ultra High Field

    • Vera Novak, Gregory Christoforidis

    Pages 411-437

15. Back Matter

    Pages 439-475

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From the early examples of what was to be called MRI, extending the te- nique to higher fields than those of less than 0. 1 T used in the first large-volume instruments was a goal, but the way there was unclear. The practical success of large superconducting magnets was a surprise, and the astonishment continued as they developed fields from 0. 3 T to 0. 6 T to 1. 5 T, and even more, up to the now common 3T systems, and a few 4T machines, and now to about 100 times the fields used in the first medium- and large-bore devices. In the early machines, low radiofrequencies of 4 MHz or so meant that RF coil designs were simple (even inexperienced undergraduates could design and build such circuits with little knowledge of more than DC electrical circuits), and the forces on gradient coils were small. The effects of magnetic susceptibility in- mogeneity in and around the object being imaged were negligible, and RF penet- tion depths were not a problem for human-scale samples. Everything began to change as higher fields and higher frequencies came into use, and the earlier idyllic simplicities began to seem quaint. The trend continued, however, driven by the increased signal-to-noise ratios and the resultant higher resolutions and speed available, and sophisticated engineering became more and more essential, not only for magnets but for gradient systems and radiofrequency transmitters and receivers, but also for better software for modeling and correcting distortions.

• biochemistry
• brain
• brain imaging
• imaging
• magnetic fields
• magnetic resonance
• magnetic resonance imaging
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• spectroscopy

• Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus

  Pierre-Marie Robitaille

• Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, USA

  Lawrence Berliner

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