Phenomenology and Psychological Science

There are no books precisely parallel to this one. The main works of the major authors in phenomenological philosophy (but not phenomenological psychology) are in print – we mean Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre and Merleau- Ponty. General texts on the phenomenological approach in philosophy – including ones which take a historical approach – are available. Notable are: H. Spiegelberg (1981) The Phenomenological Movement (3^rd edition) The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff. D. Moran (2000) Introduction to Phenomenology London, Routledge. There are several accounts of psychology from a phenomenological viewpoint in print, some of which refer to the philosophical roots. The extent of the reference varies. None fully spells the connections out, and none has a historical perspective. For example: R .S. Valle and S. Halling (1989) Existential-Phenomenological Perspectives in Psychology New York, Plenum Press. E. Spinelli (2005) The Interpreted World: An introduction to phenomenological psychology (2^nd edition) London, Sage. H.R. Pollio, T.B. Henley and C.T. Thompson (1997) The Phenomenology of Everyday Life Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. K. Dahlberg, N. Drew, and M. Nyström (2001) Reflective Lifeworld Research Stockholm, Studentlitteratur. There are books in print which are much more concerned with the practicalities of phenomenologically-based research in psychology than with the history and philosophy underlying this. The most used example is probably: C. Moustakas (1994) Phenomenological Research Methods Thousand Oaks, Sage.  I would characterize the current book, in contrast to the above, as having phenomenologically-based research in psychology firmly in view, but addressing in detail the historical development of the phenomenological movement in philosophy insofar as it illuminates the inmpact on psychology. So – the historical development of phenomenological philosophy and the impact, at each stage, on psychology.Answering as a collateral effect the question, What is phenomenological psychology? It is essential to offer an authoritative account of these matters now because: Qualitative research in psychology has achieved acceptance in Europe (though the acceptance is less in the United States at present), and with qualitative research in general, phenomenologically-based research is widely practiced. The British Psychological Society – by whom undergraduate degrees in psychology are accredited (and without this accreditation, students cannot progress to professional training) – has just begun to demand qualitative research training as part of the research methods and practical training programme. This book uniquely contains material that would be needed for a thorough background in phenomenological psychology. The British Psychological Society has also just begun to demand a core module in the History and Philosophy of Psychology as part of the advanced undergraduate education of psychology students. This book – though not intended as a core elementary text – would be right as background reading. In associated, applied areas throughout the world (e.g. health psychology, organizational and industrial psychology, counseling, nursing) phenomenological approaches are well accepted and very widely used. However, the meaning of the approach is often misunderstood – often boiling down to a report of, e.g. patients’ statements about such-and-such a thing. Experience is not rigorously addressed. This book provides a necessary corrective, and indicates what the options are for phenomenologically-based research, and the basis of these options within the history of phenomenological philosophy.

• Counseling
• Edmund Husserl
• Jean-Paul Sartre
• Martin Heidegger
• concept
• development
• phenomenology
• psychoanalysis
• psychology
• science

• Faculty of Development and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK

  Peter D. Ashworth

• Clinical Psychology Teaching Unit, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

  Man Cheung Chung

Dr Peter Ashworth is a professor of educational research at Sheffield Hallam University. Throughout his professional life a special concern has been the development of psychological methods based on existential-phenomenological thinking. He chaired the 18^th International Human Science Research Conference in 1999. His substantive research has been largely in education and health; he has published four books and over forty research papers. He is currently working on a critique of the ‘approaches to study’ literature in Higher Education and developing a phenomenological alternative which emphasises the personal life world of the student. He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society.

Dr Man Cheung Chung is a Reader of Psychology in the Clinical Psychology Teaching Unit, School of Applied Psychosocial Studies at the University of Plymouth. His research interests include philosophy of psychology and health/clinical psychology. He has published some 100 articles and chapters in the foregoing areas as well as on other diverse topics. In addition to the present book, he has also edited Psychoanalytic Knowledge with Colin Feltham (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), Psychology of Reasoning with Ken Manktelow (Psychology Press, 2004) and Reconceiving Schizophrenia with Bill Fulford and George Graham (Oxford University Press, forthcoming).

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