The Biology and Pathology of Innate Immunity Mechanisms

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Pattern Recognition, Receptors and Collectins in Innate Immunity

   1. Mannose Receptor and Scavenger Receptor: Two Macrophage Pattern Recognition Receptors with Diverse Functions in Tissue Homeostasis and Host Defense

      • Sheena A. Linehan, Luisa Martinez-Pomares, Siamon Gordon

      Pages 1-14

   2. Complement Receptor 3 (CR3): A Public Transducer of Innate Immunity Signals in Macrophages

      • Eitan Yefenof

      Pages 15-25

   3. The Role of C-type Lectins in the Innate Immunity Against Pulmonary Pathogens

      • Itzhak Ofek, Erika Crouch, Yona Keisari

      Pages 27-36

   4. Modulation of Nitric Oxide Production by Lung Surfactant in Alveolar Macrophages

      • Moshe Kalina, Hanna Blau, Shoshana Riklis, Vered Hoffman

      Pages 37-48

   5. Development of Chimeric Collectins with Enhanced Activity Against Influenza a Virus

      • Kevan L. Hartshorn, Mitchell R. White, R. Alan B. Ezekowitz, Kedamath Sastry, Erika Crouch

      Pages 49-59

   6. Initial Steps in Streptococcus pneumoniae Interaction with and Pathogenicity to the Host

      • Michal Shani-Sekler, Sarit Lifshitz, Iris Hillel, Ron Dagan, Nili Grossman, Gideon Fleminger et al.

      Pages 61-71

3. Host Cells and Cytokinesin Innate Immunity

   1. Role of Cytokines in the Maturation and Function of Macrophages

      • Yona Keisari, Guy Robin, Liat Nissimov, Hongbin Wang, Adi Mesika, Rachel Dimri et al.

      Pages 73-89

   2. Mast Cell Modulation of the Innate Immune Response to Enterobacterial Infection

      • Soman N. Abraham, Ravi Malaviya

      Pages 91-105

   3. The Nadph Oxidase Diaphorase Activity in Permeabilized Human Neutrophils and Granulocytic Like PLB-985 Cells

      • Itai Pessach, Rachel Levy

      Pages 107-114

   4. Activation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 by Opsonized Zymosan in Human Neutrophils Requires Both ERK and p38 Map-Kinase

      • Inbal Hazan-Halevy, Rachel Levy

      Pages 115-123

   5. Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 is Required for the Activation of the Nadph Oxidase Associated H+ Channel in Phagocyte-Like Cells

      • Rachel Levy, Alexander Lowenthal, Raya Dana

      Pages 125-135

   6. The Role of NK Cells in Innate Immunity

      • Niva Lieberman, Ofer Mandelboim

      Pages 137-145

   7. Similarities and Dissimilarities Between Humans and Mice Looking at Adhesion Molecules Defects

      • Amos Etzioni, Claire M. Doerschuk, John M. Harlan

      Pages 147-161

   8. The Role of Dendritic Cells at the Early Stages of Leishmania Infection

      • Heidrun Moll

      Pages 163-173

   9. DNA-Based Vaccines: Role of Dendritic Cells in Antigen Presentation

      • Lada Paul, Angel Porgador

      Pages 175-184

   10. Distinct Patterns of IL-Lα and IL-Lβ Organ Distribution-A Possible Basis for Organ Mechanisms of Innate Immunity

       • Moshe Hacham, Shmuel Argov, Rosalyn M. White, Shraga Segal, Ron N. Apte

       Pages 185-202

4. Antimicrobial Peptides

   1. Structure and Biology of Cathelicidins

      • Margherita Zanetti, Renato Gennaro, Marco Scocchi, Barbara Skerlavaj

      Pages 203-218

   2. Structure Activity Relationship Study of Polymyxin B Nonapeptide

      • Haim Tsubery, Itzhak Ofek, Sofia Cohen, Mati Fridkin

      Pages 219-222

5. Innate Immunity in the Compromised Host

   1. The Clinical Significance of Neutrophil Dysfunction

      • Baruch Wolach, Ronit Gavrieli, Dirk Ross

      Pages 223-225

In recent years increased scientific attention has been given to immediate defense mechanisms based on non-clonal recognition of microbial components. These mechanisms constitute the innate immunity arm of the body s defense. Identification of pathogens by these mechanisms involves primarily receptors recognizing sugar moieties of various microorganisms. Innate immunity based mechanisms are essential for the existence of multicellular organisms. They are evolutionarily conserved and designed to provide immediate protection against microbial pathogens to eradicate infection. Activation of innate immunity is crucial for transition to specific immunity and for its orientation, and to assist the specific immune response in the recognition of pathogens and their destruction. Innate immunity is regularly involved in the arrest of bacterial, mycotic, viral and parasitic infections, giving the specific immune response time to become effective. It becomes critically essential in immunocompromised patients who fail to mount specific immune responses due to congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies as a result of chemotherapy, dialysis, immunosuppressive drugs, or HIV infection. The Innate Immunity arsenal constitutes polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes, mast cells, the complement system, Natural Killer cells, antimicrobial peptides, and presumably a subset of T lymphocytes with TCRl receptors.

• antigen
• antimicrobial
• antimicrobial peptides
• bacteria
• bacterial infection
• infection
• infections
• infectious diseases

• Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

  Yona Keisari, Itzhak Ofek

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