Human Retroviral Infections

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxii

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2. The Two Principal Viremias of HIV

   • Cynthia L. Bristow

   Pages 1-16

3. Potential Role of Human T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Viruses (HTLV) in Diseases Other Than Acute T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL)

   • Teresa C. Gentile, Thomas P. Loughran

   Pages 17-28

4. Viral-Related Proteins in Immune Dysfunction Associated with AIDS

   • George J. Cianciolo

   Pages 29-60

5. Carbohydrate Interactions and HIV-1

   • Thomas Kieber-Emmons

   Pages 61-85

6. HTLV-I and HTLV-II Infection

   • Mosi K. Bennett, Michael G. Agadjanyan

   Pages 87-107

7. Vaccine Approaches for Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I

   • G. A. Dekaban, A. Peters, J. Arp, G. Franchini

   Pages 109-142

8. Immune Responses againstHIV-2

   • Ewa Björling

   Pages 143-163

9. HIV Mucosal Vaccines

   • Herman F. Staats, Jerry R. McGhee

   Pages 165-190

10. Nucleic Acid Vaccination against HIV-1

    • Ami R. Shah, David B. Weiner, Jean D. Boyer

    Pages 191-215

11. Passive Immunotherapy against HIV-1

    • Joseph P. Cotropia, Kenneth E. Ugen

    Pages 217-238

12. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Accessory Genes

    • Sagar Kudchodkar, T. Nagashunmugam, Velpandi Ayyavoo

    Pages 239-267

13. A New Generation of Antiviral Therapeutics Designed to Prevent the Use of Chemokine Receptors for Entry by HIV-1

    • Benjamin J. Doranz, Robert W. Doms

    Pages 269-285

14. Protease Inhibitors and HIV-1 Genetic Variability in Infected Children

    • Maureen M. Goodenow, Elena E. Perez, John W. Sleasman

    Pages 287-305

15. Gene Therapy and HIV-1 Infection

    • Ralph Dornburg, Roger Pomerantz

    Pages 307-323

16. Pediatric HIV

    • Robert P. Nelson Jr., Patricia J. Emmanuel, Maite De La Morena

    Pages 325-356

17. Back Matter

    Pages 357-368

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The discovery of the human T cell leukemia virus type I in the late 1970s heralded a new era in retrovirology. For the first time, it was demonstrated that a retrovirus could play a role in the development of a human disease, in this case adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Several years later, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic began, and it was dem- strated that a retrovirus, originally designated the human T cell lymp- tropic virus type 3, was the causal agent of this syndrome. This virus, later named the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), has since been extensively studied in terms of its pathogenesis as well as its ability to elicit immune responses. In that time, a tremendous amount of information has been obtained about the virus. Although recent drug regimens have been useful in significantly lowering viral loads and perhaps maintaining an asymptomatic state among individuals infected with HIV-1, an established “cure” for AIDS eludes us. In addition, the effective drug therapies are very expensive, and are not available to infected people in the third world, where greater than 90% of new infections occur. Furthermore, the development of viral resistance against the drug therapies is an additional concern. Despite extensive study, no effective vaccine has been developed. One of the problems in developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is the ability of the virus, particularly in the immunogenic envelop glycoprotein, to undergo amino acid hypervariability.

• AIDS
• Chemokine
• Virus
• gene therapy
• infection
• infections
• vaccine
• viral infection
• infectious diseases

• University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa

  Kenneth E. Ugen, Herman Friedman

• University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

  Mauro Bendinelli

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