Denationalizing Science

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-vii

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2. The Nationalization and Denationalization of the Sciences: An Introductory Essay

   • Elisabeth Crawford, Terry Shinn, Sverker Sörlin

   Pages 1-42

3. National and International Aspects of Cross-Boundary Science: Scientific Travel in the 18th Century

   • Sverker Sörlin

   Pages 43-72

4. Antarctica: The Construction of a Continent by and for Science

   • Aant Elzinga

   Pages 73-106

5. The International Phytogeographical Excursions, 1911–1923: Intellectual Convergence in Vegetation Science

   • Kaat Schulte Fischedick, Terry Shinn

   Pages 107-131

6. Migration and the Denationalization of Science

   • Paul Hoch, Jennifer Platt

   Pages 133-152

7. From Multidisciplinary Collaboration to Transnational Objectivity: International Space as Constitutive of Molecular Biology, 1930–1970

   • Pnina Abir-Am

   Pages 153-186

8. National Political Cultures and the Exchange of Knowledge: The Case of Systems Ecology

   • Andrew Jamison

   Pages 187-208

9. Internationalism in Soviet World-Science: The Hungarian Case

   • Gábor Palló

   Pages 209-232

10. Some Socio-Historical Aspects of Multinational Collaborations in High-Energy Physics at Cern Between 1975 and 1985

    • John Krige

    Pages 233-262

11. Redesigning ‘Solomon’s House’: The University and the Internationalization of Science and Business

    • Henry Etzkowitz

    Pages 263-288

12. Back Matter

    Pages 289-303

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Present trends indicate that in the years to come transnational science, whether basic or applied and involving persons, equipment or funding, will grow considerably. The main purpose of this volume is to try to understand the reasons for this denationalization of science, its historical contexts and its social forms. The Introduction to the volume sets out the socio-political, intellectual, and economic contexts for the nationalization and denationalization of the sciences, processes that have extended over four centuries. The articles examine the specific conditions that have given rise to the growth of transnational science in the 20th century. Among these are: the need for cognitive and technical standardization of scientific knowledge-products, pressure toward cost-sharing of large installations such as CERN, the voluntary and involuntary migration of scientists, and the global market for R&D products that has emerged at the end of the century.
The volume raises many new questions for research by historians and sociologists of science and poses problems that are of concern both to scientists and science policy-makers.

• Institution
• Nation
• Transnational
• biology
• internationalization

• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France

  Elisabeth Crawford

• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France

  Terry Shinn

• University of Umeå, Sweden

  Sverker Sörlin

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