Nitrate Contamination

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XII

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2. Overview of Problem

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Nitrates and Their Control in the EEC Aquatic Environment

      • J. J. Fried

      Pages 3-11

   3. Nitrate Contamination in the Contiguous United States

      • R. F. Spalding, M. E. Exner

      Pages 13-48

   4. The Nitrate Content of Drinking Water in Portugal

      • S. M. Cardoso

      Pages 49-54

   5. Nitrate Contamination of Surface and Ground Water in Greece

      • J. G. Ganoulis

      Pages 55-64

3. Exposure Assessment

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 65-65

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   2. Risk Analysis for Water Supply from a River Polluted by Nitrate Runoff

      • E. J. Plate, L. Duckstein

      Pages 67-79

   3. Nitrogen Modeling on a Regional Scale

      • P. E. Rijtema, J. G. Kroes

      Pages 81-95

   4. Nitrate Ground-Water Modeling for Agricultural and Other Nonpoint Sources

      • W. E. Kelly, B. Curtis, D. Adelman

      Pages 97-113

   5. Principles of Monitoring and Analysis

      • H. P. Nachtnebel, L. Duckstein, I. Bogardi

      Pages 115-127

   6. Nitrate Balances in Aquifers

      • R. Mull, C. Bugner, F. Härig, W. Pfingsten, M. Pielke

      Pages 129-139

   7. Fertilizer and Water Application, and Control of Nitrate Pollution: Management Issues

      • L. S. Pereira, J. Quelhas dos Santos

      Pages 141-162

   8. Integrated Water and Nitrogen Management

      • J. S. Schepers, D. L. Martin, D. G. Watts, R. B. Ferguson

      Pages 163-171

   9. Biochemistry of a Plume of Nitrate-Contaminated Ground Water

      • P. J. Dillon, S. R. Ragusa, S. B. Richardson

      Pages 173-180

   10. Nitrate Contamination of Ground Water in Southern Ontario and the Evidence for Denitrification

       • R. W. Gillham

       Pages 181-198

   11. Nutrient Transport in Two Major Catchments of Turkey

       • S. Soyupak

       Pages 199-207

   12. Potential Nitrate Pollution of Ground Water in Limestone Terrain by Poultry Litter, Ozark Region, U.S.A.

       • K. F. Steele, W. K. McCalister

       Pages 209-218

   13. Nitrogen Management Research in the President’s Water Quality Initiative

       • C. A. Onstad, J. S. Schepers, W. E. Larson

       Pages 219-226

4. Back Matter

   Pages 227-229

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The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control­ ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro­ logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.

• Dünger
• Krebsrisiko
• Nitrat
• Umweltverschmutzung
• Wasser
• drinking water
• environment
• fertilizer
• health
• pollution
• water
• water quality and water pollution
• ecotoxicology

• Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA

  Istvan Bogárdi, Wilma G. Ennenga

• University of Nebraska Water Center, Lincoln, USA

  Robert D. Kuzelka

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