Farewell to the Party Model?

1. Front Matter

   Pages 1-6

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2. Introduction

   1. Introduction

      • Marion Reiser, Everhard Holtmann

      Pages 7-9

   2. Local Lists in Europe

      • Everhard Holtmann

      Pages 11-19

3. Local Lists in East and Central European Countries

   1. Local Lists in the Czech Republic

      • Petr Jüptner

      Pages 21-37

   2. Independent Local Lists in Croatia: In Search for a Composite Theoretical Frame

      • Ivan Koprić

      Pages 39-61

   3. Local and National Parties in Hungary

      • Gábor Soós

      Pages 63-84

   4. Citizen Electoral Alliances in Estonia: Citizen Democracy versus Cartel Parties

      • Vello Pettai, Rein Toomla, Elvis Joakit

      Pages 85-104

   5. Non-party Lists in Local Election in Poland

      • Agnieszka Dudzińska

      Pages 105-126

4. A bridging case?

   1. Independent Local Lists in East and West Germany

      • Stefan Göhlert, Everhard Holtmann, Adrienne Krappidel, Marion Reiser

      Pages 127-148

5. Local Lists in West European Countries

   1. Local Political Parties in the Netherlands: Anomaly or Prototype?

      • Marcel Boogers

      Pages 149-167

   2. All Politics is Local, Partisan or National? Local Lists in Belgium

      • Kristof Steyvers, Herwig Reynaert, Koenraad De Ceuninck, Tony Valcke

      Pages 169-193

   3. Local Parties in Sweden

      • Ingemar Wörlund

      Pages 195-210

   4. Independent Lists in Norwegian Local Politics

      • Jacob Aars, Hans-Erik Ringkjøb

      Pages 211-232

   5. Independents and Citizen’s Groups in Portuguese Municipalities

      • Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida

      Pages 233-251

   6. Multi-Party Politics in England: Small Parties, Independents, and Political Associations in English Local Politics

      • Colin Copus, Alistair Clark, Karin Bottom

      Pages 253-276

6. Conclusion

   1. Conclusion: Independent Local Lists in East and West European Countries

      • Marion Reiser

      Pages 277-294

7. Back Matter

   Pages 295-296

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Marion Reiser, Everhard Holtmann Local independent lists as political actors are a common phenomenon on the local level in many European countries – in established Western democracies as well as in the ‘new’ democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. In some West European countries, these non-partisan groups have been an established and stable element in the local political system for decades. Ty- cally, they understand themselves as protectors of a harmonious factual political style. In their opinion, good local politics is not compatible with party politics so they consequently perceive themselves as non-parties. During the last two d- ades, presence and success of local lists have steadily increased in these co- tries. Furthermore, during the last years local lists emerged also in countries which had been formerly fully party-politicised on the local level. Explanations offered for these developments are often based on the observation of a general decline of trust in established parties and politicians. Hence, it has been argued that the disenchantment with political parties is a fertile ground for local lists. For the Central and East European countries, this argument can be - ployed only to a certain extent. Local lists established themselves in the early 1990’s as important actors on the local level especially due to a lack of party organisation in the process of democratic consolidation.

• Kommunalverwaltung
• Local Government
• Political Parties
• anti-parties
• non-parties
• organization

Reiser, Marion, Dr., is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Political Science at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Holtmann, Everhard, Dr., is Professor of Political Science at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg.

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