International Communities of Invention and Innovation

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XII

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2. The Route Less Taken: The Homegrown Los Alamos Integrated Computer Network

   • Nicholas Lewis

   Pages 1-22

3. MONET – Monash University’s Campus LAN in the 1980s – A Bridge to Better Networking

   • Barbara Ainsworth, Neil Clarke, Chris Avram, Judy Sheard

   Pages 23-48

4. Technology vs. Political Conflict – How Networks Penetrate the Iron Curtain

   • Frank Dittmann

   Pages 49-57

5. There and Back Again – Andrew Booth, a British Computer Pioneer, and his Interactions with US and Other Contemporaries

   • Roger G. Johnson

   Pages 58-70

6. ‘Machines à Comparer les Idées’ of Semen Korsakov: First Step Towards AI

   • Valery V. Shilov, Sergey A. Silantiev

   Pages 71-86

7. Towards Machine Independence: From Mechanically Programmed Devices to the Internet of Things

   • Arthur Tatnall, Bill Davey

   Pages 87-100

8. The Global Virtual Museum of Information Science & Technology, a Project Idea

   • Giovanni A. Cignoni, Giovanni A. Cossu

   Pages 101-114

9. Why not OSI?

   • Bill Davey, Robert F. Houghton

   Pages 115-121

10. Flame Wars on Worldnet: Early Constructions of the International User

    • Christopher Leslie

    Pages 122-140

11. The Code of Banking: Software as the Digitalization of German Savings Banks

    • Martin Schmitt

    Pages 141-164

12. Electronic “Ambassador”: The Diplomatic Missions of IBM’s RAMAC 305

    • Evangelos Kotsioris

    Pages 165-180

13. The Birth of Artificial Intelligence: First Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Paris in 1951?

    • Herbert Bruderer

    Pages 181-185

14. The World’s Smallest Mechanical Parallel Calculator: Discovery of Original Drawings and Patent Documents from the 1950s in Switzerland

    • Herbert Bruderer

    Pages 186-192

15. Back Matter

    Pages 193-193

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This book contains revised selected papers presented at the IFIP WG 9.7 International Conference on the History of Computing, HC 2016, held in Brooklyn, NY, USA, in May 2016.

The 13 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics related to the history of computing and focus on the history of pre-existing relationships and communities that led to triumphs (and dead-ends) in the history of computing. This broad perspective helps to tell a more accurate story of important developments like the Internet and provide a better understanding of how to sponsor future invention and innovation. They reflect on histories that foreground the international community along four broad themes: invention, policy, infrastructure, and social history.

• Actor–Network Theory (ANT)
• artificial intelligence
• banking software
• cold war
• computer networks
• computers and society
• hardware
• history of computing
• information systems
• Internet
• Natural Language Processing (NLP)
• semantics
• social networks
• OSI
• TCP/IP

• Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

  Arthur Tatnall

• New York University, Brooklyn, USA

  Christopher Leslie

Policies and ethics