Statistical Causal Inferences and Their Applications in Public Health Research

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Overview

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Causal Inference: A Statistical Paradigm for Inferring Causality

      • Pan Wu, Wan Tang, Tian Chen, Hua He, Douglas Gunzler, Xin M. Tu

      Pages 3-25

3. Propensity Score Method for Causal Inference

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 27-27

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   2. Overview of Propensity Score Methods

      • Hua He, Jun Hu, Jiang He

      Pages 29-48

   3. Sufficient Covariate, Propensity Variable and Doubly Robust Estimation

      • Hui Guo, Philip Dawid, Giovanni Berzuini

      Pages 49-89

   4. A Robustness Index of Propensity Score Estimation to Uncontrolled Confounders

      • Wei Pan, Haiyan Bai

      Pages 91-100

   5. Missing Confounder Data in Propensity Score Methods for Causal Inference

      • Bo Fu, Li Su

      Pages 101-110

   6. Propensity Score Modeling and Evaluation

      • Yeying Zhu, Lin (Laura) Lin

      Pages 111-124

   7. Overcoming the Computing Barriers in Statistical Causal Inference

      • Kai Zhang, Ding-Geng Chen

      Pages 125-137

4. Causal Inference in Randomized Clinical Studies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 139-139

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   2. Semiparametric Theory and Empirical Processes in Causal Inference

      • Edward H. Kennedy

      Pages 141-167

   3. Structural Nested Models for Cluster-Randomized Trials

      • Shanjun Helian, Babette A. Brumback, Matthew C. Freeman, Richard Rheingans

      Pages 169-186

   4. Causal Models for Randomized Trials with Continuous Compliance

      • Yan Ma, Jason Roy

      Pages 187-201

   5. Causal Ensembles for Evaluating the Effect of Delayed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Regimens

      • Li Li, Brent A. Johnson

      Pages 203-215

   6. Structural Functional Response Models for Complex Intervention Trials

      • Pan Wu, Xin M. Tu

      Pages 217-238

5. Structural Equation Models for Mediation Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 239-239

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   2. Identification of Causal Mediation Models with an Unobserved Pre-treatment Confounder

      • Ping He, Zhenguo Wu, Xiaohua Douglas Zhang, Zhi Geng

      Pages 241-262

   3. A Comparison of Potential Outcome Approaches for Assessing Causal Mediation

      • Donna L. Coffman, David P. MacKinnon, Yeying Zhu, Debashis Ghosh

      Pages 263-293

   4. Causal Mediation Analysis Using Structure Equation Models

      • Douglas Gunzler, Nathan Morris, Xin M. Tu

      Pages 295-314

This book compiles and presents new developments in statistical causal inference. The accompanying data and computer programs are publicly available so readers may replicate the model development and data analysis presented in each chapter. In this way, methodology is taught so that readers may implement it directly. The book brings together experts engaged in causal inference research to present and discuss recent issues in causal inference methodological development. This is also a timely look at causal inference applied to scenarios that range from clinical trials to mediation and public health research more broadly. In an academic setting, this book will serve as a reference and guide to a course in causal inference at the graduate level (Master's or Doctorate). It is particularly relevant for students pursuing degrees in statistics, biostatistics, and computational biology. Researchers and data analysts in public health and biomedical research will also find this book to be animportant reference. 

• causal inference
• causal inference methodological development
• causal models for randomized trials
• causal parameters
• causal reasoning
• data analysis for public health data
• model development
• propensity score modeling

“This is an excellent overview of statistical causal inferences and their applications in public health research. This book is strongly recommended to students in statistics, biostatistics, and computational biology as well as to researchers in public health and biomedical research.” (Hemang B. Panchal, Doody's Book Reviews, April, 2017)

• Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA

  Hua He

• Christiana Care Health System, Value Institute, Newark, USA

  Pan Wu

• School of Social Work and Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA

  Ding-Geng (Din) Chen

Hua He, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in Biostatistics at the Department of Epidemiology at Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Dr. He received her Ph.D in Statistics in 2007 from the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology at the University of Rochester, where she then worked as a faculty member until she moved to Tulane University in 2015. Dr. He has been focusing on methodological and collaborative research with investigators in the areas of behavioral and social sciences both within and outside of academic institutes. She is a highly experienced biostatistician with expertise in longitudinal data analysis, structural equation models, potential outcome based causal inference, distribution-free models, ROC analysis and their applications to observational studies, and randomized controlled trials across a range of disciplines, especially in the behavioral and social sciences. She has published a series of publications in peer-reviewed journals and has contributed several chapters to books. She also co-authored a graduate-level textbook, Applied Categorical and Count Data Analysis (Chapman & Hall/CRC). She is the recipient of an R01 study entitled “Moving beyond description: statistical and causal inference for social media data” and has served as a co-investigator for multiple studies funded by NIH, NIMH, NHLBI, etc.

Pan Wu, Ph.D., is a senior research biostatistician in the Value Institute at the Christiana Care Health System and a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine, the Sidney Kimmel Medical School at the Thomas Jefferson University. His research focuses on causal inference, mediation analysis, longitudinal data analysis with missing data, survival analysis, medical diagnosis, and high-dimensional variable selection and their applications in psychosocial, biomedical, and epidemiological studies. Dr. Wu has collaborated with a wide range of investigators on multiple research projects funded by NIH, NIMH, NHLBI, and AHRQ including mental health, cardiovascular disease, women’s health, and health optimization. He has published a series of important publications in development of new methodology in causal inference and applications in public health. One of the works on estimation of causal treatment effect for non-parametric statistics was published as a feature article in Statistics in Medicine in 2014. Dr. Wu got his Ph.D. in Statistics from the department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology at the University of Rochester in 2013. 

Ding-Geng Chen, Ph.D., is an elected Fellow of American Statistical Association for his leadership and influential contributions in biopharmaceutical statistics research; for leadership and prominent research contributions in public health; for major contributions to biostatistical methodology; for excellence in teaching and mentoring; and for prodigious and significant service to the statistical profession. He is currently the Wallace Kuralt distinguished professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was a professor at the University of Rochester and the Karl E. Peace endowed eminent scholar chair in biostatistics at Georgia Southern University. He is also a senior statistics consultant for biopharmaceuticals and government agencies with extensive expertise in clinical trial biostatistics and public health statistics. Professor Chen has more than 100 referred professional publications and has co-authored and co-edited seven books on clinical trial methodology, meta-analysis, and public health applications. He has been invited nationally and internationally to give speeches on his research. 

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