Encyclopedia of GIS

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-liv

   PDF

2. 0-9

   1. 3D City Models

      Pages 1-1

   2. 3D Crisp Clustering of Geo-Urban Data

      • Suhaibah Azri, Alias Abdul Rahman, Uznir Ujang, François Anton, Darka Mioc

      Pages 1-9

   3. 3D Data Clustering

      Pages 9-9

   4. 3-D Data Models

      Pages 9-9

   5. 3D Geo-DBMS

      Pages 9-9

   6. 3-D GIS

      Pages 9-9

   7. 3D Indoor Models and Their Applications

      • Sisi Zlatanova, Umit Isikdag

      Pages 9-20

   8. 3D Models

      Pages 20-20

   9. 3D Network Analysis for User Centric Evacuation Systems

      • Umit Atila, Ismail Rakip Karas, Yasin Ortakci

      Pages 20-33

   10. 3-D RDBMS

       Pages 33-33

   11. 3D Spatial Indexing

       Pages 33-33

   12. 3-Value Indeterminacy

       Pages 33-33

   13. 4IM

       Pages 33-33

   14. 4-Intersection Calculus

       Pages 33-33

   15. 9IM

       Pages 34-34

   16. 9-Intersection Calculus

       Pages 34-34

3. A

   1. A∗ Algorithm

      Pages 35-35

   2. Absolute Positional Accuracy

      Pages 35-35

   3. Abstract Features

      Pages 35-35

New In This Edition: This second edition of the Encyclopedia of GIS includes 30% to 50% new content. It provides up-to-date information on emerging topics such as spatial big data, smart-phone GIS, urban computing and mobile recommender systems. It also expands the first edition’s rich set of GIS-related commercial and societal applications such as geo-targeting, geo-fencing and understanding climate changes, while enabling more comprehensive coverage of classical GIS topics such as map projections, global positioning systems and spatial cognition. The entries explain the key software, data sets and processes used by geographers and computational scientists. Additionally, the reference emphasizes the role of GIS in business and mobile intelligence. By offering more diversified GIS-related topics from theory and research than most of the other available literature, the authors equip newcomers to the field with principles as well as applications. With an accessible breadth of contentand intuitive A-Z organization, this new edition of the encyclopedia is an invaluable reference for newcomers to the field of GIS, as well as researchers, students, developers and professionals who are interested in exploring this new dynamic area. Praise For The First Edition: "The focus here, however, is on the mathematical and computational aspects of GIS … . This is very welcome to those practitioners who have been less exposed to some of the mathematical and computational aspects of GIS. This is also very welcome to the researcher or graduate student within any of the interdisciplinary areas that use GIS. … I highly recommend it." (Pascal V. Calarco, ACM Computing Reviews, November, 2008) "This single-volume reference work is a highly welcome … addition to the rapidly advancing field of geographic information systems. Peer-reviewed entries from over 300 contributors cover 41 topical subfields, with an overall emphasis on computational aspects of GIS.

The volume is adequately illustrated with 723 figures and 90 tables in black and white. A full bibliography and concise list of entry terms are provided at the back of the work. … Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division geography students through professionals." (C. E. Smith, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (11), 2008) "The encyclopedia is divided into 41 fields, each one an important sub-area within GIS. ... the editors’ organization of the material and comprehensive and systematic approach are superb and shall give students, eager readers as well as researchers an understanding of the topics in quite full depth and breadth. … is lavishly illustrated with figures, graphs and tables, the design and execution of which are as perfect as the material they illustrate. … it is sturdy and opens out nicely for study and reference." (Current Engineering Practice, 2008).

• GeoSensor Networks
• Geographic Information System (GIS)
• Location based Services
• Mobile Computing
• Mobile Systems
• Spatial Big Data
• Spatio-Query Processing
• Spatio-Temporal Data
• Spatio-Textual Searching
• Web Mapping

• University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA

  Shashi Shekhar

• Management Science and Information Systems Department, Rutgers Business School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, USA

  Hui Xiong

• Department of Management Sciences, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA

  Xun Zhou

Shashi Shekhar is a McKnight Distinguished University Professor at the University of Minnesota (Computer Science faculty). For contributions to geographic information systems (GIS), spatial databases and spatial data mining, he received the IEEE-CS Technical Achievement Award and was elected an IEEE Fellow and an AAAS Fellow. He was also named a key difference-maker for the field of GIS by the most popular GIS textbook. He has a distinguished academic record that includes 280+ refereed papers, a popular textbook on Spatial Databases (Prentice Hall, 2003) and an authoritative Encyclopedia of GIS (Springer, 2008). He is serving as a member of the Computing Community Consortium Council (2012-15), a co-Editor-in-Chief of Geo-Informatica, a series editor for the Springer Briefs on GIS and as a member of the National Research Council (NRC) committee on Geo-targeted Disaster Alerts and Warning (2013). Previously, he served on multiple NRC committees including Future Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence (2011), Mapping Sciences (2004-2009) and Priorities for GEOINT Research (2004-2005). He also served as a general or program co-chair for the International Conference on Geographic Information Science (2012), the International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases (2011) and ACM International Conference on Geographic Information Systems (1996). He also served on the Board of Directors of University Consortium on GIS (2003-4), as well as the editorial boards of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering and IEEE-CS Computer Science and Engineering Practice Board. In early 1990s, his research developed core technologies behind in-vehicle navigation devices as well as web-based routing services, which revolutionized outdoor navigation in urban environments. His recent research played a critical role in evacuation route planning for homeland security and received multiple recognitions including the CTS Partnership Award for significant impact on transportation.He pioneered the research area of spatial data mining via pattern families (e.g. collocation, mixed-drove co-occurrence, cascade), keynote speeches, survey papers and workshop organization. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley.
Dr. Hui Xiong is an Associate Professor and Vice Chair of the Management Science and Information Systems Department, and the Director of the Rutgers Center for Information Assurance, at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, where he received a two-year early promotion/tenure (2009), the Rutgers University Board of Trustees Research Fellowship for Scholarly Excellence (2009) and the ICDM-2011 Best Research Paper Award (2011).

Dr. Xiong received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Minnesota, in 2005, a B.E. in Automation from the University of Science and Technology of China and an M.S. in Computer Science from the National University of Singapore. His general area of researchis data and knowledge engineering, with a focus on developing effective and efficient data analysis techniques for emerging data intensive applications. He has published prolifically in refereed journals and conference proceedings (3 books, 40+ journal papers and 60+ conference papers). He is a co-Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of GIS, an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Data and Knowledge Engineering (TKDE) and the Knowledge and Information Systems (KAIS) journal. He has served on the organization and program committees of numerous conferences, including as a Program Co-Chair of the Industrial and Government Track for the 18th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining and a Program Co-Chair for the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining.

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