Defining the Limits of Outer Space for Regulatory Purposes

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Introduction

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 1-4

3. Air Space and Outer Space

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 5-30

4. The Delimitation in Discussion

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 31-40

5. Proposals

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 41-59

6. The “Protozone”/“Mesospace” Situation

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 61-64

7. National Legislation and Comparative Law

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 65-70

8. Towards a Compromise

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 71-92

9. Final Remarks

   • Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto

   Pages 93-98

10. Back Matter

    Pages 99-110

    PDF

With different countries ascribing to different theories of air space and outer space law, Dr. Bittencourt Neto proposes in this Brief a reassessment of the international law related to the extension of state territories vertically. Taking into consideration the vast number of proposals offered by scholars and diplomatic delegations on this subject matter, as well as the principles of comparative law, a compromise to allow for peaceful development is the only way forward. The author argues for setting the delimitation of the frontier between air space and outer space at 100 km above mean sea level through an international treaty. This would also regulate passage rights for space objects during launchings and reentries, as long as those space activities are peaceful, conducted in accordance with international law and respecting the sovereign interests of the territorial State. Continuing expansion of the commercial space industry and conflicting national laws require a stable and fair legal framework best adjudicated by the United Nations, instead of allowing a patchwork system to persist. The proper framework for developing such regulation is carefully discussed from all angles with a practical recommendation for policy-makers in the field.

• Air Space and Outer Space Boundary
• Altitude and Space Law
• COPUOS
• International law of Space
• Sovereignty in Space
• Space Treaties
• Spatialists Versus Functionalists
• UN Involvement in Space Law
• Vertical Country Borders
• Vertical Frontier of Countries

• Santos, Brazil

  Olavo de Oliviera Bittencourt Neto

Olavo de O. Bittencourt Neto is Professor Doctor at the Catholic University of Santos, Brazil and Post Doctoral Researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Institute of Space Law. He has been part of Brazilian Delegations before the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) since 2009, providing legal assistance to the diplomatic staff on Space Law and International Law. In 2012, Olavo received the IISL Diederiks-Verschoor Award for his paper “The Elusive Frontier: Revisiting the Delimitation of Outer Space”.

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