The Dynamic Interlanguage

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. Theoretical Issues in Interlanguage Variation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. On Chameleons and Monitors

      • Elaine E. Tarone

      Pages 3-15

   3. A Cognitive View on Interlanguage Variability

      • Jan H. Hulstijn

      Pages 17-31

   4. Does the Bioprogram Affect Second-Language Acquisition?

      • H. D. Adamson

      Pages 33-47

   5. Assessing an Interaction-Based Paradigm

      • Jane Zuengler

      Pages 49-67

3. Adjustment in Native and Nonnative Discourse

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 69-69

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   2. Incorporated Repairs in Nonnative Discourse

      • Susan M. Gass, Evangeline Marlos Varonis

      Pages 71-86

   3. Interlinguistic Variation and Similarity in Foreigner Talk

      • Elsa Lattey

      Pages 87-100

   4. The Effect of Cultural Empathy on Second-Language Phonological Production

      • Diana Berkowitz

      Pages 101-114

4. Alternative Varieties and Second-Language Acquisition

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 115-115

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   2. Variation and Convergence in Nonnative Institutionalized Englishes

      • Jessica Williams

      Pages 117-136

   3. Different Paths to Writing Proficiency in a Second Language?

      • Robin Scarcella, Chunok Lee

      Pages 137-153

   4. Variation and Transfer in English Creole—Standard English Language Learning

      • Lise Winer

      Pages 155-173

   5. Dialect Variation and Second-Language Intelligibility

      • Miriam R. Eisenstein

      Pages 175-184

5. Aspects of Variation in Language Learning

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 185-185

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   2. Systematic Variability in Second-Language Tense Marking

      • Walt Wolfram

      Pages 187-197

   3. Sociolinguistic Variation in Face-Threatening Speech Acts

      • Leslie M. Beebe, Tomoko Takahashi

      Pages 199-218

   4. The Social Dynamics of Native and Nonnative Variation in Complimenting Behavior

      • Nessa Wolfson

      Pages 219-236

   5. That Reminds Me of a Story

      • Ellen M. Rintell

      Pages 237-257

Recent work in applied linguistics has expanded our understanding of the rule­ governed nature of language. The concept of an idealized speaker -hearer whose linguistic competence is abstract and separate from reality has been enriched by the notion of an actual interlocutor who possesses communicative compe­ tence, a knowledge of language which accounts for its use in real-world con­ texts. Areas of variation previously relegated to idiosyncratic differences in performance have been found to be dynamic yet consistent and lend themselves to study and systematic description. Because language acquisition involves the development of communicative competence, by its very nature it incorporates variation and systematicity. Sec­ ond-language acquisition is similarly variable, since interlanguage is subject to the same universal and language-specific conventions. In addition, aspects of the second language have been found to be unevenly acquired and are differ­ entially reflected in particular contexts or settings. Yet, despite our expanding knowledge, this variability is only beginning to be treated in much of the sec­ ond-language acquisition literature. This volume presents the work of some researchers and methodologists who have taken on the challenge of including variation in their research designs and pedagogical recommendations. Variation is shown to be relevant to lin­ guistic, social, and psychological aspects of language. It is apparent in the registers and dialects of the target language and in the inter language of learners.

• English literature
• Language Learning
• applied linguistics
• concept
• discourse
• dynamics
• emotion
• knowledge
• language
• language acquisition
• linguistics
• literature
• register
• second language
• writing
• literary diction

• Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, New York University, New York, USA

  Miriam R. Eisenstein

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