Animal Sonar Systems

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxiv

   PDF

2. The Early History of Research on Echolocation

   1. The Early History of Research on Echolocation

      • Donald R. Griffin

      Pages 1-8

3. Performances of Animal Sonar Systems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 9-9

      PDF

   2. Underwater

      1. Behavioral Methodology in Echolocation by Marine Mammals

         • Ronald J. Schusterman

         Pages 11-41

      2. Detection Range and Range Resolution of Echolocating Bottlenose Porpoise (<u>Tursiops truncatus</u>)

         • A. Earl Murchison

         Pages 43-70

      3. Odontocete Echolocation Performance on Object Size, Shape and Material

         • Paul E. Nachtigall

         Pages 71-95

      4. Cetacean Obstacle Avoidance

         • Patrick W. B. Moore

         Pages 97-108

   3. Airborne

      1. Performance of Airborne Animal Sonar Systems: I. Microchiroptera

         • Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler, O’Dell W. Henson Jr.

         Pages 109-181

      2. Performance of Airborne Biosonar Systems: II. Vertebrates Other than Microchiroptera

         • O. W. Henson Jr., H.-U. Schnitzler

         Pages 183-195

4. Echolocation Signals and Echoes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 197-197

      PDF

   2. Underwater

      1. Functional and Descriptive Anatomy of the Bottlenosed Dolphin Nasolaryngeal System with Special Reference to the Musculature Associated with Sound Production

         • R. F. Green, S. H. Ridgway, W. E. Evans

         Pages 199-238

      2. Electromyographic and Pressure Events in the Nasolaryngeal System of Dolphins during Sound Production

         • S. H. Ridgway, D. A. Carder, R. F. Green, A. S. Gaunt, S. L. L. Gaunt, W. E. Evans

         Pages 239-249

      3. Echolocation Signals of the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (<u>Tursiops truncatus)</u> in Open Waters

         • Whitlow W. L. Au

         Pages 251-282

      4. Acoustics and the Behavior of Sperm Whales

         • William A. Watkins

         Pages 283-290

      5. Click Sounds from Animals at Sea

         • William A. Watkins

         Pages 291-297

      6. Signal Characteristics for Target Localization and Discrimination

         • K. Jerome Diercks

         Pages 299-308

   3. Airborne

      1. Echolocation Signals and Echoes in Air

         • J. David Pye

         Pages 309-353

      2. Echolocation Ontogeny in Bats

         • Patricia E. Brown, Alan D. Grinnell

         Pages 355-377

5. Adaptiveness of Echolocation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 379-379

      PDF

   2. Underwater

      1. Adaptiveness and Ecology of Echolocation in Toothed Whales

         • F. G. Wood, W. E. Evans

         Pages 381-425

Thirteen years have gone by since the first international meet­ ing on Animal Sonar Systems was held in Frascati, Italy, in 1966. Since that time, almost 900 papers have been published on its theme. The first symposium was vital as it was the starting point for new research lines whose goal was to design and develop technological systems with properties approaching optimal biological systems. There have been highly significant developments since then in all domains related to biological sonar systems and in their appli­ cations to the engineering field. The time had therefore come for a multidisciplinary integration of the information gathered, not only on the evolution of systems used in animal echolocation, but on systems theory, behavior and neurobiology, signal-to-noise ratio, masking, signal processing, and measures observed in certain species against animal sonar systems. Modern electronics technology and systems theory which have been developed only since 1974 now allow designing sophisticated sonar and radar systems applying principles derived from biological systems. At the time of the Frascati meeting, integrated circuits and technol­ ogies exploiting computer science were not well enough developed to yield advantages now possible through use of real-time analysis, leading to, among other things, a definition of target temporal char­ acteristics, as biological sonar systems are able to do. All of these new technical developments necessitate close co­ operation between engineers and biologists within the framework of new experiments which have been designed, particularly in the past five years.

• adaptation
• anatomy
• animals
• behavior
• biology
• ecology
• electronics
• evolution
• experiment
• information
• mammals
• neurobiology
• physiology
• system
• vertebrates

• Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Jouy-en-Josas, France

  René-Guy Busnel

• Sonatech, Inc., Goleta, USA

  James F. Fish

Policies and ethics