Nano, Quantum and Molecular Computing

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Nano-Computing at the Physical Layer

   1. Nanometer Scale Technologies: Device Considerations

      • Arijit Raychowdhury, Kaushik Roy

      Pages 5-33

3. Defect Tolerant Nano-Computing

   1. Nanocomputing in the Presence of Defects and Faults: A Survey

      • Paul Graham, Maya Gokhale

      Pages 39-72

   2. Defect Tolerance at the End of the Roadmap

      • Mahim Mishra, Seth C. Goldstein

      Pages 73-108

   3. Obtaining Quadrillion-Transistor Logic Systems Despite Imperfect Manufacture, Hardware Failure, and Incomplete System Specification

      • Lisa J. K. Durbeck, Nicholas J. Macias

      Pages 109-132

   4. A Probabilistic-Based Design for Nanoscale Computation

      • R. Iris Bahar, Jie Chen, Joseph Mundy

      Pages 133-156

   5. Tools and Techniques for Evaluating Reliability Trade-Offs for Nano-Architectures

      • Debayan Bhaduri, Sandeep K. Shukla

      Pages 157-211

   6. Law of Large Numbers System Design

      • André DeHon

      Pages 213-241

4. Nano-scale Quantum Computing

   1. Challenges in Reliable Quantum Computing

      • Diana Franklin, Frederic T. Chong

      Pages 247-266

   2. Origins and Motivations for Design Rules in QCA

      • Michael T. Niemier, Peter M. Kogge

      Pages 267-293

   3. Partitioning and Placement for Buildable QCA Circuits

      • Sung Kyu Lim, Mike Niemier

      Pages 295-317

5. Validation of Nano-Scale Architectures

   1. Verification of Large Scale Nano Systems with Unreliable Nano Devices

      • Michael S. Hsiao, Shuo Sheng, Rajat Arora, Ankur Jain, Vamsi Boppana

      Pages 323-351

6. Back Matter

   Pages 352-358

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One of the grand challenges in the nano-scopic computing era is guarantees of robustness. Robust computing system design is confronted with quantum physical, probabilistic, and even biological phenomena, and guaranteeing high reliability is much more difficult than ever before. Scaling devices down to the level of single electron operation will bring forth new challenges due to probabilistic effects and uncertainty in guaranteeing 'zero-one' based computing. Minuscule devices imply billions of devices on a single chip, which may help mitigate the challenge of uncertainty by replication and redundancy. However, such device densities will create a design and validation nightmare with the shear scale.
The questions that confront computer engineers regarding the current status of nanocomputing material and the reliability of systems built from such miniscule devices, are difficult to articulate and answer. We have found a lack of resources in the confines of a single volume that at least partially attempts to answer these questions.
We believe that this volume contains a large amount of research material as well as new ideas that will be very useful for some one starting research in the arena of nanocomputing, not at the device level, but the problems one would face at system level design and validation when nanoscopic physicality will be present at the device level.

• Hardware
• architecture
• computer
• logic
• material
• nano-scale
• quantum computing
• transistor

"This book will serve a unique purpose. Several times over the past few years I have had students ask me to point them toward literature references on defect tolerant architectures for nano-electronics, or nanoelectronics design concepts, etc. For quantum computing and neural nets, well established research communities exist and such references are easy to point to. For some of these other paradigms, papers often appear in journals that biologists, chemists, materials scientists, physicists, etc., rarely encounter - or, worse yet - students must turn to patent literature! This book brings together, for the first time, many of these modern architectural concepts into a single text, with chapters written by a terrific group of experts. It is sure to become a mainstay in my group, and I expect that it will be a valuable resource for many years to come."
(Jim Heath, Elizabeth W. Gilloon Professor, California Institute of Technology)

• Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, USA

  Sandeep K. Shukla

• Brown University, Providence, USA

  R. Iris Bahar

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