Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. Toxin Biosynthesis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. A Mechanistic View of the Fungal/Plant Interaction Based on Host-Specific Toxin Studies

      • O. C. Yoder

      Pages 3-15

   3. Function and Biosynthesis of Trichothecenes Produced by Fusarium Species

      • T. M. Hohn, S. P. McCormick, N. J. Alexander, A. E. Desjardins, R. H. Proctor

      Pages 17-24

   4. Enzymology, Molecular Genetics, and Regulation of Biosynthesis of the Host-Selective Toxin HC-Toxin

      • Jonathan D. Walton, Joong-Hoon Ahn, John W. Pitkin, Yi-qiang Cheng, Anastasia N. Nikolskaya, Richard Ransom et al.

      Pages 25-34

   5. Host-Specific Toxin Deficient Mutants of the Tomato Pathotype of Alternaria Alternata Obtained by Restriction Enzyme-Mediated Integration

      • M. Kodama, H. Akamatsu, Y. Itoh, Y. Narusaka, T. Sanekata, H. Otani et al.

      Pages 35-42

   6. Molecular Analysis of AK-Toxin Biosynthesis in the Japanese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria Alternata

      • Takashi Tsuge, Aiko Tanaka, Rieko Hatta, Hiroshi Shiotani

      Pages 43-52

   7. A Catalytic Domain of a Cyclic Peptide Synthetase that is Specific for the Apple Pathotype of Alternaria Alternata and its Possible Involvement in Host-Specific AM-Toxin Production

      • Y. Itoh, R. Kiyohara, Y. Kawamoto, M. Kodama, H. Otani, J. D. Walton et al.

      Pages 53-61

   8. Involvement of Host Factors in the Production of a Protein Host-Specific Toxin Produced by Alternaria Brassicicola

      • H. Otani, A. Kohnobe, M. Kodama, K. Kohmoto

      Pages 63-69

   9. Structures and Biosyntheses of Phytotoxins in Cochliobolus Spicifer and Bipolaris Sorokiniana: C₃ Unit Addition Reaction in Phytotoxin Biosyntheses

      • H. Nakajima

      Pages 71-79

   10. Versatile Synthetic Route for AAL-Toxins and Fumonisins

       • Hideaki Oikawa, Akitami Ichihara

       Pages 81-90

   11. Characterization of the Thiotemplate Mechanisms of Syringomycin and Syringopeptin Synthesis by Pseudomonas Syringae pv. syringae

       • D. C. Gross, B. K. Scholz-Schroeder, J.-H. Zhang, I. Grgurina, F. Mariotti, G. Della Torre et al.

       Pages 91-98

3. Effects of Toxins on Plants

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 99-99

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   2. HC-Toxin: Does Inter-Species Chromatin Remodeling Confer Host-Pathogen Compatibility?

      • Don Baldwin, Virginia Crane, Nasser Yalpani, Steve Briggs

      Pages 101-104

   3. Victorin-induced oat cell death

      • T. J. Wolpert, D. A. Navarre, J. M. Lorang

      Pages 105-114

   4. Primary Effect of a Host-Selective Toxin From Magnaporthe Grisea to Mitochondria of Rice Leaves

      • S. Arase, T. Uehara, Y. Honda, M. Nozu, P. Park

      Pages 115-124

   5. The Accelerated Effects of AK-Toxin I on Exocytosis and Endocytosis of Susceptible Japanese Pear Leaves

      • P. Park

      Pages 125-135

   6. Isolation and Mode of Action of Ptr Chlorosis Toxin From Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis

      • S. Strelkov, L. Lamari, G. M. Ballance, N. P. Orolaza

      Pages 137-138

   7. Syringolide Derivatives for Receptor Studies

      • T. Tsurushima, C. Ji, Y. Okinaka, Y. Takeuchi, J. J. Sims, S. L. Midland et al.

      Pages 139-140

   8. Lethal Logic in Apoptosis: Toxins Trigger Programmed Cell Death During Disease in Eukaryotic Cells

      • David Gilchrist, Hong Wang, Jim Lincoln, Bert Overduin, Richard Bostock

      Pages 141-150

For investigators engaged in the study of toxins generally, and host-specific toxins in particular, it is a rare treat to attend a meeting in which toxins involved in plant pathogenesis are emphasized. A gathering of this type provides opportunity to consider the discovery of new toxins, their chemical structures, genes encoding enzymes that control their biosyntheses, their sites of action and physiological effects on plants, and their roles (if any) in pathological processes. Having acknowledged the inspiration fostered by a 'toxin meeting', however, it is important to point out that the program of this symposium was generously sprinkled with 'nontoxin' talks. These contributions generated cross-disciplinary discussion and promoted new ways of thinking about relationships among factors required for plant disease development. The point can be illustrated by considering just one example. We have in the past often regarded diseases mediated by host-specific toxins and diseases involving 'gene-for-gene' relationships as representing two different classes of fungal/plant interaction. This is largely because the key molecular recognition event in so-called 'toxin' diseases leads to compatibility, whereas the corresponding event in 'gene-for-gene' diseases leads to incompatibility. Yet the race specific elicitors produced by the 'gene-for-gene' fungi Cladosporium fulvum (De Wit, Adv. Bot. Res. 21:147- 185, 1995) and Rhynchosporium secalis (Rohe et a1. , EMBO J.

• Pathogene
• biotechnology
• degradation
• detoxification
• pathogen
• physiology

• Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori, Japan

  Keisuke Kohmoto

• Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

  Olen C. Yoder

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