Particle Detection with Drift Chambers

1. Front Matter

   Pages 1-15

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2. Gas Ionization by Charged Particles and by Laser Rays

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-48

3. The Drift of Electrons and Ions in Gases

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-48

4. Electrostatics of Tubes, Wire Grids and Field Cages

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-28

5. Amplification of Ionization

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-31

6. Creation of the Signal

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-24

7. Electronics for Drift Chambers

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-69

8. Coordinate Measurement and Fundamental Limits of Accuracy

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-39

9. Geometrical Track Parameters and their Errors

   • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

   Pages 1-23

10. Ion Gates

    • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

    Pages 1-15

11. Particle Identification by Measurement of Ionization

    • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

    Pages 1-29

12. Existing Drift Chambers – An Overview

    • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

    Pages 1-52

13. Drift-Chamber Gases

    • Walter Blum, Werner Riegler, Luigi Rolandi

    Pages 1-29

14. Back Matter

    Pages 1-6

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A drift chamber is an apparatus for measuring the space coordinates of the trajectory of a charged particle. This is achieved by detecting the ionization electrons produced by the charged particle in the gas of the chamber and by measuring their drift times and arrival positions on sensitive electrodes. When the multiwire proportional chamber, or ‘Charpak chamber’ as we used to call it, was introduced in 1968, its authors had already noted that the time of a signal could be useful for a coordinate determination, and rst studies with a drift ch- ber were made by Bressani, Charpak, Rahm and Zupanci c in 1969. When the rst operational drift-chamber system with electric circuitry and readout was built by Walenta, Heintze and Schurlein ¨ in 1971, a new instrument for particle experiments had appeared. A broad study of the behaviour of drifting electrons in gases began in laboratories where there was interest in the detection of particles.

• Drift
• basics
• drift chambers
• electronics
• laser
• measurement
• nuclear electronics
• particle identification
• particles
• wire grids

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