Atypical Antipsychotics

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XI

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2. A general introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Introduction to schizophrenia

      • Peter F. Liddle

      Pages 3-17

   3. From first to second generation antipsychotics

      • John L. Waddington, John F. Quinn

      Pages 19-33

   4. Animal models for schizophrenia: an introduction

      • Bart A. Ellenbroek, Alexander R. Cools

      Pages 35-53

3. The preclinical evaluation of atypical antipsychotics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 55-55

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   2. Receptor profile of antipsychotics

      • Josée E. Leysen

      Pages 57-81

   3. Regional selectivity of antipsychotic drugs

      • Bart A. Ellenbroek, Alexander R. Cools

      Pages 83-98

   4. Screening models for antipsychotic drugs

      • Jørn Arnt

      Pages 99-119

   5. Simulation models for schizophrenia

      • Bart A. Ellenbroek, Frank Sams-Dodd, Alexander R. Cools

      Pages 121-142

4. The clinical evaluation of atypical antipsychotics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 143-143

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   2. Clozapine: the first atypical antipsychotic

      • Dieter Naber, Christian Haasen, Christian Perro

      Pages 145-162

   3. Dopamine receptor subtypes and schizophrenia: a clinical perspective

      • Johan A. Den Boer, Jakob Korf

      Pages 163-190

   4. Multireceptor atypical antipsychotic drugs

      • Herbert Y. Meltzer

      Pages 191-213

   5. New discoveries in the development of antipsychotics with novel mechanisms of action: beyond the atypical antipsychotics with serotonin dopamine antagonism

      • Stephen M. Stahl, Darius K. Shayegan

      Pages 215-232

5. Back Matter

   Pages 233-236

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The introduction of chlorpromazine in 1953, and haloperidol in 1958, into clinical practice dramatically altered the therapy of schizophrenic patients. Although representing by no means a cure for this severe psychiatric ill­ ness, it allowed, for the first time, to adequately control the severe hallu­ cinations and delusional beliefs which prevent these patients from leading a more or less independent life. Indeed these antipsychotics (and the many congeners that were to follow) significantly reduced the number ofchronic schizophrenic inpatients in psychiatric clinics all over the world. However soon after their introduction it became clear that, like all other available drugs, antipsychotics were by no means miracle drugs. In fact, two major problems appeared. First, the antipsychotics had very little effect on the so-called negative or defect symptoms, like social isolation, apathy and anhedonia, and secondly virtually all antipsychotics produced a number of side-effects, of which the neurological (often called extra­ pyramidal) side-effects were the most troublesome. Especially the tardive dyskinesia, which occurred in about 15 to 20% of the patients after pro­ longed treatment, represented a major problem in the treatment of schizo­ phrenic patients.

• dopamine
• research
• schizophrenia
• serotonin
• therapy

• Dept. of Psychoneuropharmacology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

  Bart A. Ellenbroek, Alexander R. Cools

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