Inhalation Toxicology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Approaches to Assessing the Toxicity of Airborne Toxicants

   1. Front Matter

      Pages xiii-xiii

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   2. Standard-Setting as an Integrative Exercise: Alchemy, Juggling, or Science?

      • D. V. Bates

      Pages 1-9

   3. Species Differences in Inhalation Toxicology: Variations in Exposure-Dose Relationships and Macrophage Function

      • J. D. Brain

      Pages 11-23

   4. Cell Populations of the Respiratory System: Interspecies Diversity in Composition, Distribution, and Morphology

      • C. G. Plopper, A. Weir, J. St. George, N. Tyler, A. Mariassy, D. Wilson et al.

      Pages 25-40

   5. Comparative Metabolic Basis for the Disposition and Toxic Effects of Inhaled Materials

      • A. R. Dahl

      Pages 41-65

3. Methodological Issues in Designing and Conducting Studies with Laboratory Animals

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 66-66

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   2. Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments

      • W. Holländer

      Pages 67-85

   3. Different Methods Used in Acute and Subchronic Inhalation Studies of Potential Lung Irritants, with Particular Attention to Lung Function Measurements

      • J. Pauluhn

      Pages 87-101

   4. Chronic Inhalation Toxicity Studies: Protocols and Pitfalls

      • P. E. Morrow, R. Mermelstein

      Pages 103-117

   5. Carcinogenicity Protocols

      • R. A. Griesemer

      Pages 119-137

4. Interpretation of Toxicokinetic Studies with Airborne Toxicants

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 138-138

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   2. Interspecies Dosimetry of Reactive Gases

      • F. J. Miller, J. H. Overton, T. R. Gerrity, R. C. Graham

      Pages 139-155

   3. Behavior of Inspired Aerosol Boli in Humans

      • J. Heyder

      Pages 157-167

   4. Respiratory Tract Clearance of Particles and Substances Dissociated from Particles

      • R. G. Cuddihy, H. C. Yeh

      Pages 169-193

5. Interpretation of Results Using Laboratory Animals

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 194-194

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   2. Interpretation of Early Lesions in the Mouse Lung: Fibrogenesis and Tumorigenesis

      • H. P. Witschi

      Pages 195-208

   3. Relevance to Humans of Experimentally Induced Pulmonary Tumors in Rats and Hamsters

      • U. Mohr, D. L. Dungworth

      Pages 209-232

   4. Experimentally Induced Emphysema and Long-Term Nitrogen Dioxide Inhalation

      • J. Kleinerman, M. P. C. Ip

      Pages 233-242

   5. Comparisons of Respiratory Function Responses of Laboratory Animals and Humans

      • J. L. Mauderly

      Pages 243-261

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Part I. Approaches to Assessing the Toxicity of Airborne Toxicants Chapter 1. Standard-Setting as an Integrative Exercise: Alchemy, Juggling, or Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D. v. Bates Chapter 2. Species Differences in Inhalation Toxicology: Variations in Exposure-Dose Relationships and Macrophage Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 J. D. Brain Chapter 3. Cell Populations of the Respiratory System: Interspecies Diversity in Composition, Distribution, and Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 e. G. Plopper, A. Mir, J. St. George, N. Tyler, A. Mariassy, D. Wilson, S. Nishio, D. Cranz, J. Heidsiek, and D. Hyde Chapter 4. Comparative Metabolic Basis for the Disposition and Toxic Effects of Inhaled Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 A. R. Dahl Part II. Methodological Issues in Designing and Conducting Studies with Laboratory Animals Chapter 5. Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments. . . . . . . . . .

• cell
• research
• toxicity
• toxicology

• Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA

  Donald L. Dungworth

• Bayer AG, Institute for Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany

  Georg Kimmerle

• Abbott Laboratories, USA

  James Lewkowski

• Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, USA

  Roger O. McClellan

• Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research, Hannover 61, Germany

  Werner Stöber

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