Development of Normal Fetal Movements

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XII

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2. Introduction

   Pages 1-6

3. General Movements

   • Florinda Ceriani, Isabella Fabietti, Roberto Fogliani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 7-18

4. Startles, Twitches and Clonuses

   • Luisa Bocconi, Chiara Boschetto, Florinda Ceriani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 19-28

5. Hiccups, Yawning and Gasping

   • Florinda Ceriani, Roberto Fogliani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 29-38

6. Fetal Breathing Movements

   • Luisa Bocconi, Chiara Boschetto, Florinda Ceriani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 39-47

7. Swallowing, Sucking, and Handedness as Inferred from Fetal Thumb Sucking

   • Chiara Boschetto, Florinda Ceriani, Isabella Fabietti, Roberto Fogliani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 49-57

8. Localized Movements

   • Chiara Boschetto, Florinda Ceriani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 59-75

9. Facial Expressions

   • Florinda Ceriani, Roberto Fogliani, Alessandra Kustermann

   Pages 77-86

10. Rest-activity Cycles, Clusters and the Ontogeny of Sleep

    • Lusia Bocconi, Chiara Boschetto, Florinda Ceriano, Alessandra Kustermann, Cinzia Zoppini

    Pages 87-95

11. Twin Fetuses and Twin Myths

    • Luisa Bocconoi, Chiara Boschetto, Elena Caravelli, Alessandra Kustermann, Umberto Nicolini, Sarah Salmona et al.

    Pages 97-106

12. Conclusions: Movement is Life

    Pages 107-113

13. Back Matter

    Pages 115-133

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This work sees the light for various reasons. There is a general lack of detailed information about the earliest stages of human motor development. The reasons for this are explained more fully in the Introduction; here we may simply state that, apart from their intrinsic interest, earlier phenomena are fundamental to the comprehension of later phenomena rooted in them, whether pathological or normal. This is especially so in the rapidly - veloping young organism. At birth the neonate is catapulted into a profoundly different physical and social envir- ment requiring extremely diverse functioning: suffice it to mention aerial respiration, no longer being fed through the placenta and the cord, and the full impact of gravity on neonatal movements. The neonate generally adapts smoothly to the transition, as it has been equipped to do so during the 9 months of pregnancy. However, the study of the early stages of fetal motor development should not be exclusively directed towards the und- standing of functioning in the neonate.

• Extreme Prematurity
• Fetal Behavior
• Fetal Developmental Trends
• Fetale Neurology
• Nervous System
• Ultrasounds
• development
• Ultrasonography

• Department of Maternal/Fetal Medicine Clinica Mangiagalli, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  Alessandra Piontelli

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