Carbyne and Carbynoid Structures

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Introduction

   1. The Discovery of Carbyne

      • Yu P. Kudryavtsev

      Pages 1-6

   2. The Nature of Carbyne- Pros and Cons

      • R. B. Heimann

      Pages 7-15

3. Carbyne and carbynoid structures in nature

   1. Carbon — How Many Allotropes Associated with Meteorites and Impact Phenomena?

      • K. W. R. Gilkes, C. T. Pillinger

      Pages 17-30

   2. Other Natural Carbynoid Structures

      • L. Kavan, R. B. Heimann

      Pages 31-38

4. Syntheses of carbyne and carbynoid structures

   1. Catalytic and electrochemical polycondensation reactions

      1. Dehydroplycondensation of acetylene

         • Yu P. Kudryavtsev

         Pages 39-45

      2. Polycondensation Reactions of Halides

         • M. Kijima, H. Shirakawa

         Pages 47-54

   2. Chemical, photo-, and electrochemical transformation of polymers

      1. Chemical Dehydrohalogenation of Polymers

         • S. E. Evsyukov

         Pages 55-74

      2. Photo- and Laser-Induced Dehydrohalogenation of Polymers

         • Akira Yabe

         Pages 75-91

      3. Dehydrogenation of Polyacetylene at High Static Pressure

         • I. A. Udod

         Pages 93-116

   3. Pyrolytic methods

      1. Decomposition of Hydrocarbons

         • A. Sokołowska, A. Olszyna

         Pages 117-131

      2. Pyrolysis of Organic Polymers

         • S. E. Evsyukov

         Pages 133-138

   4. Phase transformation of carbon materials

      1. Condensation of carbon vapour

         • R. B. Heimann, S. Tanuma

         Pages 139-158

      2. Ion-Assisted Condensation of Carbon

         • V. G. Babaev, M. B. Guseva

         Pages 159-171

      3. Dynamic Pressure Synthesis of Carbynes

         • J. I. Kleiman, K. Yamada, A. B. Sawaoka, R. B. Heimann

         Pages 173-187

   5. Electrochemical Methods

      • L. Kavan

      Pages 189-214

5. Structural models of carbyne

   1. Structural and Electronic Properties of Polyyne

      • M. Springborg

      Pages 215-233

   2. Kinked Chains and Layered Structure

      • R. B. Heimann

      Pages 235-268

   3. Carbyne Intercalation Compounds

      • I. A. Udod

      Pages 269-294

   4. Electron Diffraction And Microscopy

      • A. G. Fitzgerald

      Pages 295-308

1.1. THE DISCOVERY OF CARBYNE Yu.P. KUDRYA VTSEV A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute ofOrganoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow, Russia Abstract - The history of the discovery of carbyne is briefly recalled. The existence of carbyne was first disclosed by Russian researchers in 1960. It was obtained for the first time via oxidative dehydropolycondensation of acetylene based on the Glaser coupling of ethynyl compounds. 1. Introduction The polymeric nature of carbon was first pointed out by Mendeleev. He wrote: "The molecules of coal, graphite, and diamond are very complicated, and carbon atoms exhibit the capability of binding one to another to form complex molecules in all compounds of carbon. None of the elements possesses an ability of complicating in such an extent as does carbon. There is still no basis to define the polymerization degree of the coal, graphite, or diamond molecules. One should believe, however that they contain en species, where 'n' is a large value" [IJ. Until the 1960s only two allotropic forms of carbon were known, viz., graphite and diamond, including their polymorphous modifications. For a long time 'amorphous carbon' was also included among the simple forms. Presently, however, the structure of amorphous and quasi-amorphous carbons (such as carbon blacks, soot, cokes, glassy carbon, etc.) is known to approach that of graphite to various degrees [2J.

• Compound
• chemistry
• materials science
• polymer
• polymers
• spectroscopy

• Department of Mineralogy, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, Germany

  Robert B. Heimann

• A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organo-Element Compounds, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

  Sergey E. Evsyukov

• J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic

  Ladislav Kavan

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