Powder Surface Area and Porosity

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

   PDF

2. Theoretical

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Introduction

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 3-6

   3. Gas adsorption

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 7-10

   4. Adsorption isotherms

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 11-13

   5. Langmuir and BET theories (kinetic isotherms)

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 14-29

   6. The single point BET method [13]

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 30-34

   7. Adsorbate cross-sectional areas

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 35-41

   8. Other surface area methods

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 42-51

   9. Pore analysis by adsorption

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 52-71

   10. Microporosity

       • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

       Pages 72-89

   11. Theory of wetting and capillarity for mercury porosimetry

       • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

       Pages 90-98

   12. Interpretation of mercury porosimetry data

       • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

       Pages 99-120

   13. Hysteresis, entrapment and contact angle

       • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

       Pages 121-134

   14. Particle size

       • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

       Pages 135-152

3. Experimental

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 153-153

      PDF

   2. Adsorption measurements — preliminaries

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 155-161

   3. Vacuum volumetric measurements

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 162-173

   4. Dynamic methods

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 174-196

   5. Other flow methods

      • S. Lowell, Joan E. Shields

      Pages 197-201

The rapid growth of interest in powders and their surface properties in many diverse industries prompted the writing of this book for those who have the need to make meaningful measurements without the benefit of years of experience. It is intended as an introduction to some of the elementary theory and experimental methods used to study the surface area, porosity, density, and particle size of powders. It may be found useful by those with little or no training in solid surfaces who have the need to learn quickly the rudiments of surface area, density, pore size, and particle size measurements. S. Lowell J.E. Shields Symbols Use of symbols for purposes other than those indicated in the following table are so defined in the text. Some symbols not shown in the table are also defined in the text. d adsorbate cross-sectional area A area; condensation coefficient; collision frequency C BET constant c concentration D diameter; coefficient of thermal diffusion E adsorption potential permeability aspect factor f F flow rate; force; feed rate g gravitational constant G Gibbs free energy S G free surface energy h heat of immersion per unit area; height H enthalpy heat of immersion Hi heat of adsorption Hsv BET intercept; filament current k thermal conductivity; specific reaction rate K Harkins-Jura constant C length L heat of liquefaction M mass M molecular weight MPa megapascals number of moles n number of molecules; number of particles N N Avogadro's num'ber molecular collisions per square cm per second

• adsorption
• diffusion
• energy
• flow
• gravitation
• growth
• hysteresis
• mass
• measurement
• mercury
• molecule
• reaction
• solid
• surface
• surfaces

• Quantachrome Corporation, USA

  S. Lowell

• C.W. Post Campus, Long Island University, USA

  Joan E. Shields

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