Powers of Two

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XVI

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Edwin A. Valentijn

   Pages 1-8

3. The Beginning

   • Edwin A. Valentijn

   Pages 9-22

4. People’s information Universe

   • Edwin A. Valentijn, Charles H. Lineweaver, K. Joeri van der Velde, Salome Scholtens, Katrin Amunts, Johannes Schemmel et al.

   Pages 23-106

5. Deep Space

   • Edwin A. Valentijn, Manus Visser, Chris van den Broeck, Margot Brouwer, Erik Verlinde

   Pages 107-122

6. IT from Bit

   • Edwin A. Valentijn, B. Roy Frieden, Stefano Gottardi, Thanu Padmanabhan

   Pages 123-162

7. Back Matter

   Pages 162-173

   PDF

Is everything Information? This is a tantalizing question which emerges in modern physics, life sciences, astronomy and in today’s information and technology-driven society. In Powers of Two expert authors undertake a unique expedition - in words and images - throughout the world (and scales) of information. The story resembles, in a way, the classic Powers of Ten journeys through space: from us to the macro and the micro worlds . However, by following Powers of Two through the world of information, a completely different and timely paradigm unfolds. Every power of two, 1, 2, 4, 8…. tells us a different  story: starting from the creation of the very first bit at the Big Bang and the evolution of life, through 50 years of computational science, and finally into deep space, describing the information in black holes and even in the entire universe and beyond….  All this to address one question: Is our universe made of information?  In this book, we experience the Information Universe in nature and in our society and how information lies at the very foundation of our understanding of the Universe.

From the Foreword by Robbert Dijkgraaf:

This book is in many ways a vastly extended version of Shannon’s one-page blueprint. It carries us all the way to the total information content of the Universe. And it bears testimony of how widespread the use of data has become in all aspects of life. Information is the connective tissue of the modern sciences. […] Undoubtedly, future generations will look back at this time, so much enthralled by Big Data and quantum computers, as beholden to the information metaphor. But that is exactly the value of this book. With its crisp descriptions and evocative illustrations, it brings the reader into the here and now, at the very frontier of scientific research, including the excitement and promise of all the outstanding questions and future discoveries.

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• Information as fundamental entity in universe
• Information universe
• Information in vivo
• Information in vitro
• Entropy and information
• Dark matter and dark energy

“The book … a very unusual collection of some facts about the relationship between the immaterial world represented by bits and the real physical world described by fundamental physical equations. This book continues the very categorical point of view of J. A. Wheeler … . The book presents short articles on various areas of modern science … in which it is shown that in these areas in some mysterious way there is a connection with the theory of information.” (Vladimir Dzhunushaliev, zbMATH 1479.83004, 2022)

• Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  Edwin A. Valentijn

Prof. Dr. Edwin A. Valentijn (1952) is professor of Astronomical Information Technology at the Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. His research focusses on dark matter and Big Data information systems handling astronomical imaging surveys. In 2002 he founded, and he still leads, the astronomical data centre OmegaCEN; since 2008 he has coordinated the Target initiative to port astronomical technologies to other disciplines. Valentijn founded the Target Holding company and the NL data center for the Euclid satellite. Currently, he leads the Target Field Lab with research programmes on Virtual reality and Facts and Fakes recognition. Valentijn initiated and is creative director of a digital planetarium, DOTliveplanetarium, in Groningen.

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