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County Lines

Criminal Networks and Evolving Drug Markets in Britain

  • Provides the unique perspective of suppliers involved in the county lines drug supply phenomenon
  • Uses two in-depth case studies from Britain to discuss the overlap between drug-related crime and other forms of organized crime
  • Recommends more effective strategies for proactive policing against the evolving drug supply models

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Criminology (BRIEFSCRIMINOL)

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Table of contents (7 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-ix
  2. Introduction

    • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
    Pages 1-9
  3. Walking the Lines

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 11-11
    2. A Tale of Two Research Sites

      • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
      Pages 13-25
    3. County Lines in Context

      • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
      Pages 27-36
  4. Between the Lines

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 37-37
    2. Illicit Drug Markets Today

      • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
      Pages 39-52
    3. Working County Lines

      • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
      Pages 53-68
    4. Negotiating the Victim/Offender Nexus

      • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
      Pages 69-79
  5. Draw the Line

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 81-81
    2. Conclusion

      • Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley
      Pages 83-89
  6. Back Matter

    Pages 91-93

About this book

This brief sheds light on evolving drug markets and the county lines phenomenon in the British context. Drawing upon empirical research gathered in the field between 2012-2019 across two sites, Scotland’s West Coast and Merseyside in England, this book adopts a grounded approach to the drug supply model, detailing how drugs are purchased, sold and distributed at every level of the supply chain at both sites. 

The authors conducted interviews with practitioners, offenders, ex-offenders and those members of the general public most effected by organised crime. The research explores how drug markets have continued to evolve, accumulating in the phenomenon that is county lines. It explores how such behavior has gradually become ever more intertwined with other forms of organised criminal activity.

Useful for researchers, policy makers, and law enforcement officials, this brief recommends a rethinking of current reactive policing strategies.

Authors and Affiliations

  • Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK

    Robert McLean

  • Criminology, Blackpool and the Fylde College, Lancashire, UK

    Grace Robinson

  • Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Education Center, Metropolitan State University, Brooklyn Park, USA

    James A. Densley

About the authors

Robert McLean is a criminal justice lecturer at the University of the West of Scotland. As well as making a number of media appearances, McLean has also published widely on the topics of gang/group offending, (dis)organised crime, drug harms, and criminal desistance. 

Grace Robinson is Programme Leader of Criminology at Blackpool and the Fylde College. Grace has recently completed a PhD researching gangs, Child Criminal Exploitation and County Lines, at Edge Hill University.

James Densley is Professor of Criminal Justice at Metropolitan State University and co-founder of The Violence Project. He has received global media attention for his work on street gangs, criminal networks, violence, and policing. Densley is the author of two prior books, including How Gangs Work (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 40 refereed articles in leading social science journals, and over 50 book chapters, essays, and other non-refereed works. He earned his DPhil in sociology from the University of Oxford.


Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: County Lines

  • Book Subtitle: Criminal Networks and Evolving Drug Markets in Britain

  • Authors: Robert McLean, Grace Robinson, James A. Densley

  • Series Title: SpringerBriefs in Criminology

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33362-1

  • Publisher: Springer Cham

  • eBook Packages: Law and Criminology, Law and Criminology (R0)

  • Copyright Information: The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-030-33361-4Published: 20 November 2019

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-030-33362-1Published: 15 November 2019

  • Series ISSN: 2192-8533

  • Series E-ISSN: 2192-8541

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: IX, 93

  • Number of Illustrations: 1 b/w illustrations

  • Topics: Organized Crime, Youth Offending and Juvenile Justice

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access