Physics and Contemporary Needs

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Physics and Technology

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Surfaces and Interfaces in Semiconductor Technology

      • E. H. Rhoderick

      Pages 3-28

   3. Semiconductor Devices in Perspective — Discovery of and Recent Developments in Tunneling Devices

      • Leo Esaki

      Pages 29-87

   4. A Short Introduction to the Physics of Sol-Gel Transitions

      • P. G. de Gennes

      Pages 89-97

   5. Lasers and Applications

      • Gerd Leuchs

      Pages 99-143

   6. Applications of Algebra and Geometry in Applied Systems Theory

      • J. Casti

      Pages 145-211

3. Energy Resources and Earth Physics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 213-213

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   2. Magnetic Fusion Energy

      • Brendan McNamara

      Pages 215-282

   3. Feasibility Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion

      • Italo F. Quercia

      Pages 283-303

   4. Wind Energy

      • Peter Musgrove

      Pages 305-349

   5. Ocean Waves

      • H. Charnock

      Pages 351-373

   6. Seismology

      • P. L. Willmore

      Pages 375-415

4. Physics and the Frontiers of Knowledge

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 417-417

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   2. Gauge Unification of the Four Fundamental Forces

      • Abdus Salam

      Pages 419-456

   3. Monopoles and Instantons; Classical Solutions to Quantum Mechanical Equations

      • Jean Nuyts

      Pages 457-476

   4. Cosmology Today

      • R. Ruffini, A. Qadir

      Pages 477-498

   5. Report on some Aspects of the Scientific Programmes of the European Space Agency

      • E. Peytremann

      Pages 499-517

5. Back Matter

   Pages 519-533

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These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Second International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 20 - July 7, 1977 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organised by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP). It also received a financial grant by the University Grants Commission for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 13 lecturers, 7 invited semi­ nar speakers and 134 participants from 26 countries and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars-and informal discu­ ssions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered there but. the seminars which were held are listed in the Appendix. The theme of the college covered two important aspects of science in general and physics in particular: first to provide to the participants from developing countries some of the excitement of what is happening at the frontiers of physics; secondly as the name of the college emphasises it was to encourage the physicists from developing countries to interest themselves in and to use their knowledge and methodology of research for attacking some of the problems faced by their respective countries. The lectures delivered at the college covered a wide spectrum of physics and indicated similarity of methodology used in various branches of physics as well as practical applications of some of the topics discussed.

• cosmology
• energy
• fundamental interaction
• physics
• science
• seismology
• semiconductor
• theoretical physics

• Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

  Riazuddin

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