The Oceans: Key Issues in Marine Affairs

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Introduction

   • Hance D. Smith

   Pages 1-4

3. The Geography of the Sea

   • Hance D. Smith

   Pages 5-24

4. The Law of the Sea at the Millennium

   • E. D. Brown

   Pages 25-62

5. Maritime Boundaries

   • G. H. Blake

   Pages 63-76

6. Geography and Geo-Strategy of the Oceans

   • A. Vigarie

   Pages 77-90

7. Maritime Transport

   • J. Marcadon

   Pages 91-104

8. Offshore Oil and Gas at the Millennium

   • H. J. Pickering

   Pages 105-144

9. Fisheries

   • J. L. Suárez, G. González, S. Feria

   Pages 145-160

10. The Use of the Sea for Recreation and Tourism

    • M. B. Orams

    Pages 161-173

11. Managing Marine Waste Disposal

    • R. C. Ballinger

    Pages 175-197

12. Marine Conservation and Resource Management

    • S. Pullen

    Pages 199-214

13. The North Atlantic

    • Lewis M. Alexander

    Pages 215-230

14. The Mediterranean and Black Seas

    • A. Vallega

    Pages 231-252

15. Multilateral Management of Northeast Asian Seas: Problems and Prognosis

    • Mark J. Valencia

    Pages 253-282

16. The Arctic Ocean

    • Yu. G. Mikhaylichenko

    Pages 283-296

17. The Southern Ocean

    • Donald R. Rothwell

    Pages 297-311

18. Back Matter

    Pages 313-327

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HANCE D. SMITH 1. Introduction The millennium has been widely regarded as a time to take stock among other things, of the planet and its relationships with the people who inhabit it. Why this should be so is not always clear, apart from an apparent fixation with counting years. Further, the fact that the counting itself is based on the origins of the Christian religion is, for many, not of primary significance. Even if it is, counting in this way may still not be clear. And yet there are arguably sound reasons for taking stock at this time. Most obviously since the European 'industrial revolution' pressures on the environment caused by human activities have increased inexorably. At global level, over the past three decades in particular, environmental concerns have undoubtedly become a major political force. In a marine context, the Law of the Sea Convention concluded in 1982 is one manifestation of this. These pressures are in turn linked to technological and economic factors which are inextricably intertwined in any understanding of environmental impacts. Of special note are the implications of this for the exploitation of marine resources, in the periodic 'long waves' of economic expansion and contraction, each lasting for around or just over half a century, coupled with technological advances evident in the fishing and offshore oil industries in particular.

• Arctic Ocean
• Coast
• Ocean
• Southern Ocean
• development
• ecosystem
• marine
• organization

• University of Cardiff, UK

  Hance D. Smith

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